The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 160, Issue 2 , Pages 265-270.e1 , February 2012

The Growing Impact of Pediatric Pharmaceutical Poisoning

  • G. Randall Bond, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
    • Drug and Poison Information Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: G. Randall Bond, MD, Emergency Medicine ML 2008, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
    • ,
  • Randall W. Woodward

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
    • ,
  • Mona Ho, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

Received 18 February 2011 ,Revised 20 June 2011 ,Accepted 26 July 2011.

References 

  1. NPDS Annual Reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers 1990-2008. Available from http://www.aapcc.org/dnn/NPDSPoisonData/NPDSAnnualReports.aspxAccessed on May 24, 2010. (For 2006-2008, the classic version of Table 22 of the report was obtained from the AAPCC.)
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Infant deaths associated with cough and cold medications: two states, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56(1):1–4
  3. Setlik J, Ho M, Bond GR. Emergency department use after pediatric pharmaceutical ingestion: comparison of two national databases. Clin Toxicol. 2010;48(1):64–67
  4. Schillie SF, Shehab N, Thomas KE, Budnitz DS. Medication overdoses leading to emergency department visits among children. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37(3):181–187
  5. Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Green JL, Rumack BH, Giffin SL. 2008 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poisoning and Exposure Database (NPDS): 26th annual report. Clin Toxicol. 2009;47(10):911–1084
  6. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WISQARS Nonfatal Injury Reports. Available from http://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.html. Accessed October 18, 2010.
  7. Bronstein AC, Spyker DS, Cantilena LR, Green JL, Rumack BH, Giffin SL. 2009 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th annual report. Clin Toxicol. 2010;48:979–1178
  8. Tziminatos L, Bond GR, Pediatric Therapeutic Error Study Group . Severe injury or death in young children from therapeutic errors: a summary of 238 cases from the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Clin Toxicol. 2009;47(4):348–354
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  10. Slone Epidemiology Center. Patterns of medication use in the United States: 2006. Available from www.bu.edu/slone/SloneSurvey/AnnualRpt/SloneSurveyWebReport2006.pdf. Accessed November 4, 2010.
  11. Schoenewald S, Ross S, Bloom L, et al. New insights into root causes of accidental unsupervised ingestions (AUIs) of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. [abstract] Clin Toxicol. 2009;47(7):718–719
  12. Governale L. OTC and Rx acetaminophen market overview years 2004-2008. Available from www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DrugSafetyandRiskManagementAdvisoryCommittee/UCM175767.pdf. Accessed April 26, 2011.
  13. Cox ER, Halloran DR, Homan SM, Welliver S, Mager DE. Trends in the prevalence of chronic medication use in children: 2002-2005. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):e1053–e1061
  14. Setlik J, Bond GR, Ho M. Teen prescription ADHD medication abuse is rising with prescriptions for these medications. Pediatrics. 2009;124(3):875–880
  15. Slone Epidemiology Center. Patterns of medication use in the United States: 2004. Available from www.bu.edu/slone/SloneSurvey/AnnualRpt/SloneSurveyWebReport2004.pdf. Accessed November 4, 2010.
  16. Morrongiello BA, Kiriakou S. Mothers’ home-safety practices for preventing six types of childhood injuries: what do they do, and why?. J Pediatr Psychol. 2004;29(4):285–297
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  19. Mrvos R, Krenzelok EP. Do most pediatric poisonings occur while a product is in use [abstract]?. Clin Toxicol. 2008;46(7):630
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  23. Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Working Group Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Recommendations for FDA interventions to decrease the occurrence of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Available from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DrugSafetyandRiskManagementAdvisoryCommittee/UCM164898.pdf. Accessed November 4, 2010.
  24. Yin HS, Wolf MS, Dreyer BP, Sanders LM, Parker RM. Evaluation of consistency in dosing directions and measuring devices for pediatric nonprescription liquid medications. JAMA. 2010;304(23):2595–2602

 The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC; http://www.aapcc.org) maintains the national database of information logged by the country’s 61 Poison Control Centers (PCCs). Case records in this database are from self-reported calls: they reflect only information provided when the public or healthcare professionals report an actual or potential exposure to a substance (eg, an ingestion, inhalation, topical exposure, etc) or request information/educational materials. Exposures do not necessarily represent a poisoning or overdose. The AAPCC is not able to completely verify the accuracy of every report made to member centers. Additional exposures may go unreported to PCCs and data referenced from the AAPCC should not be construed to represent the complete incidence of national exposures to any substance(s). The authors’ opinions do not necessarily represent those of the AAPCC or its member centers.

 The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(11)00771-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.07.042

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 160, Issue 2 , Pages 265-270.e1 , February 2012

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