The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 157, Issue 2 , Pages 245-251.e1 , August 2010

Prevalence and Correlates of Elevated Blood Pressure in Youth with Diabetes Mellitus: The Search for Diabetes in Youth Study

  • Beatriz L. Rodriguez, MD

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
    • University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
    • ,
  • Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
    • ,
  • Angela D. Liese, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
    • ,
  • Wilfred Fujimoto, MD

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
    • ,
  • Beth Waitzfelder, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
    • ,
  • Lenna Liu, MD

      Affiliations

    • Child Health Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
    • ,
  • Ronny Bell, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Ronny Bell, PhD, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC.
    • ,
  • Jennifer Talton, MS

      Affiliations

    • Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
    • ,
  • Beverly M. Snively, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
    • ,
  • Ann Kershnar, MD

      Affiliations

    • Research Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
    • ,
  • Elaine Urbina, MD

      Affiliations

    • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
    • ,
  • Stephen Daniels, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • The Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Denver, CO
    • ,
  • Giuseppina Imperatore, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • ,
  • SEARCH Study Group

      Affiliations

    • List of members of the SEARCH Study Group and funding information are available at www.jpeds.com (Appendix).

Received 27 July 2009 ,Revised 9 December 2009 ,Accepted 16 February 2010.

References 

  1. Rodriguez BL, Labarthe DR, Lopez-Gomez J. Rise in blood pressure with age: new evidence of population differences. Hypertension. 1994;24:779–785
  2. Fourth report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114:555–576
  3. Daniels SR, Loggie JM, Khoury P, Kimball TR. Left ventricular geometry and severe left ventricular hypertrophy in children and adolescents with essential hypertension. Circulation. 1998;97:1907–1911
  4. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP, Tracey RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1650–1656
  5. David PH, Dawson JD, Riley WA, Lauer RM. Carotid intimal-media thickness is related to cardiovascular risk factors measured from childhood thru middle age: the Muscatine Study. Circulation. 2001;104:2815–2819
  6. Arnett DK, Glasser SP, McVeigh G, Prineas R, Finkelstein S, Donahue R, et al. Blood pressure and arterial compliance in young adults: the Minnesota Children's Blood Pressure Study. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:200–205
  7. Gallego PH, Craig ME, Hing S, Donaghue KC. Role of blood pressure in development of early retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort study. Br Med J. 2008;337:a918
  8. Rodriguez BL, Lau N, Burchfiel CM, Abbott RD, Sharp DS, Yano K, et al. Glucose intolerance and 23-year risk of coronary heart disease and total mortality. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1262–1265
  9. Curb JD, Abbott RD, MacLean C, Rodriguez BL, Burchfiel CM, Sharp D, et al. Age related changes in the risk of stroke in men with hypertension and normal blood pressure. Stroke. 1996;27:819–824
  10. Silverstein J, Klingensmith G, Copeland K, Plotnick L, Kaufman F, Laffel L, et al. The ADA: care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:186–212
  11. SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth: a multicenter study of the prevalence, incidence and classification of diabetes mellitus in youth. Control Clin Trials. 2004;25:458–471
  12. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 2002;1–190
  13. Barlow SE. Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics. 2007;120(Suppl. 4):S164–S192
  14. Ingram DD, Parker JD, Schenker N, Weed JA, Hamilton B, Arias E, et al. United States Census 2000 population with bridged race categories. Vital Health Stat. 2003;135:1–55
  15. Schwab KO, Doerfer J, Hecker W, Grulich-Henn J, Wiemann D, Kordonouri O, et al. DPV Initiative of the German Working Group for Pediatric Diabetology Spectrum and prevalence of atherogenic risk factors in 27 358 children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes: cross-sectional data from the German diabetes documentation and quality management system (DPV). Diabetes Care. 2006;29:218–225
  16. Eppens MC, Craig ME, Cusumano J, Hing S, Chan AK, Howard NJ, et al. Prevalence of diabetes complications in adolescents with type 2 compared with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1300–1306
  17. Margeirsdottir HD, Larsen JR, Brunborg C, Overby NC, Dahl-Jørgensen K Norwegian Study Group for Childhood Diabetes. High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study. Diabetologia. 2008;51:554–561
  18. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the United States 1988-2000. JAMA. 2003;290:199–206
  19. Maahs DM, Kinney GL, Wadwa P, Snell-Bergeon JK, Dabelea D, Hokanson J, et al. Hypertension prevalence, awareness and control in an adult type 1 diabetes population and a comparable general population. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:301–306
  20. Hansen ML, Gunn PW, Kaelber DC. Underdiagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents. JAMA. 2007;298:874–879
  21. Günther AL, Liese AD, Bell RA, Dabelea D, Lawrence JM, Rodriguez BL, et al. Association between the dietary approaches to hypertension diet and hypertension in youth with diabetes mellitus. Hypertension. 2009;53:6–12
  22. Mayer-Davis EJ, Nichols M, Liese AD, Bell RA, Dabelea D, Johansen JM, et al. Dietary intake among youth with diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106:689–697
  23. Alonzo TA, Pepe MS, Lumley T. Estimating disease prevalence in two-phase studies. Biostatistics. 2003;4:313–326
  24. Knerr I, Dost A, Lepler R, Raile K, Schober E, Rascher W, et al. Diabetes Data Acquisition System for Prospective Surveillance (DPV) Scientific Initiative Germany and Austria Tracking and prediction of arterial blood pressure from childhood to young adulthood in 868 patients with type 1 diabetes: a multicenter longitudinal survey in Germany and Austria. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:726–727
  25. Shankar RR, Eckert GJ, Saha C, Tu W, Pratt JH. The change in blood pressure during pubertal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:163–167

 The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(10)00145-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.021

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 157, Issue 2 , Pages 245-251.e1 , August 2010

Article Tools