A Severe Form of Kawasaki Disease Presenting with Only Fever and Cervical Lymphadenopathy at Admission

Objective

To examine the characteristics of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) presenting with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy at admission.

Study design

The laboratory and clinical findings of patients with definite KD presenting with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy at admission (KDiL) were compared with those of all other patients with KD.

Results

Sixteen patients with KDiL (8.6%) and 171 patients without KDiL were examined. The patients with KDiL were significantly older (KDiL/non-KDiL: 4.9±2.5/2.2±1.9 years) and admitted earlier (3.0±1.2/3.9±1.3 days of illness) than the patients without KDiL. They also showed significantly elevated white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels. Patients with KDiL were treated with the same dose of intravenous immunoglobulin as the patients without KDiL but were treated slightly later and had significantly higher frequency of additional intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (38%/10%) and coronary artery abnormalities (25%/5%). After adjustment for age, white blood cell count, and day of illness at admission or first intravenous immunoglobulin administration, the presence of KDiL significantly increased the risk of being a nonresponder to IVIG treatment or development of a coronary artery abnormality.

Conclusions

KDiL indicates a severe form of KD associated with increased risks of additional intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and coronary artery abnormalities. Patients with KDiL may require heightened surveillance and more aggressive treatment.

CAA, Coronary artery abnormality, CRP, C-reactive protein, IVIG, Intravenous immunoglobulin, KD, Kawasaki disease, KDiL, Kawasaki disease presenting with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy at admission, LKD, Kawasaki disease presenting with only fever and cervical lymphadenopathy at presentation, OR, Odds ratio, Other-KD, Kawasaki disease that does not meet the LKD criteria, WBC, White blood cell, 95% CI, 95% Confidence intervals