The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 156, Issue 3 , Pages 461-465.e1 , March 2010

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbosacral Spine in Children with Chronic Constipation or Non-Retentive Fecal Incontinence: A Prospective Study

  • Noor-L-Houda Bekkali, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Noor-L-Houda Bekkali, MD, PhD-fellow, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Motility Centre, Room C2-312, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    • ,
  • Eveline E.O. Hagebeuk, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Marloes E.J. Bongers, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Rick R. van Rijn, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Michiel P. Van Wijk, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Olivia Liem, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Marc A. Benninga

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 4 June 2009 ,Revised 16 July 2009 ,Accepted 17 September 2009.

References 

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  2. van der Wal MF, Benninga MA, Hirasing RA. The prevalence of encopresis in a multicultural population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;40:345–348
  3. Loening-Baucke V. Encopresis and soiling. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1996;43:279–298
  4. Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1527–1537
  5. Rosen R, Buonomo C, Andrade R, Nurko S. Incidence of spinal cord lesions in patients with intractable constipation. F;145:409-411.
  6. Sun WM, Read NW, Donnelly TC. Anorectal function in incontinent patients with cerebrospinal disease. Gastroenterology. 1990;99:1372–1379
  7. Evaluation and treatment of constipation in infants and children: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;43:e1–13
  8. LaMarca F, Grant JA, Tomita T, McLone DG. Spinal lipomas in children: outcome of 270 procedures. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1997;26:8–16
  9. McLendon RE, Oakes WJ, Heinz ER, Yeates AE, Burger PC. Adipose tissue in the filum terminale: a computed tomographic finding that may indicate tethering of the spinal cord. Neurosurgery. 1988;22:873–876
  10. Nejat F, Radmanesh F, Ansari S, Tajik P, Kajbafzadeh A, El KM. Spina bifida occulta: is it a predictor of underlying spinal cord abnormality in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction?. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2008;1:114–117
  11. Hajnovic L, Trnka J. Tethered spinal cord syndrome: the importance of time for outcomes. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2007;17:190–193
  12. Drake JM. Occult tethered cord syndrome: not an indication for surgery. J Neurosurg. 2006;104:305–308
  13. Lew SM, Kothbauer KF. Tethered cord syndrome: an updated review. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2007;43:236–248
  14. Xenos C, Sgouros S, Walsh R, Hockley A. Spinal lipomas in children. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2000;32:295–307
  15. Byrne RW, Hayes EA, George TM, McLone DG. Operative resection of 100 spinal lipomas in infants less than 1 year of age. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1995;23:182–186
  16. Tjandra JJ, Ooi BS, Han WR. Anorectal physiologic testing for bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord lesions. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:927–931
  17. Longo WE, Ballantyne GH, Modlin IM. The colon, anorectum, and spinal cord patient: a review of the functional alterations of the denervated hindgut. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989;32:261–267
  18. Beuret-Blanquart F, Weber J, Gouverneur JP, Demangeon S, Denis P. Colonic transit time and anorectal manometric anomalies in 19 patients with complete transection of the spinal cord. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1990;30:199–207
  19. Bongers ME, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA. Functional non-retentive fecal incontinence in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:5–13
  20. van Ginkel R, Reitsma JB, Buller HA, van Wijk MP, Taminiau JA, Benninga MA. Childhood constipation: longitudinal follow-up beyond puberty. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:357–363
  21. Yuan Z, Cheng W, Hou A, Wang W, Zhang S, Liu D, et al. Constipation is associated with spina bifida occulta in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:1348–1353
  22. Thorpe AC, Evans RE, Williams NS. Constipation and spina bifida occulta: is there an association?. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1994;39:221–224
  23. Khoury AE, Hendrick EB, McLorie GA, Kulkarni A, Churchill BM. Occult spinal dysraphism: clinical and urodynamic outcome after division of the filum terminale. J Urol. 1990;144:426–428
  24. Baker SS, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, Croffie JM, Di Lorenzo C, Ector W, et al. Constipation in infants and children: evaluation and treatment. A medical position statement of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999;29:612–626

 The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(09)00928-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.09.048

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 156, Issue 3 , Pages 461-465.e1 , March 2010

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