The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 155, Issue 6 , Pages 781-787.e1 , December 2009

Risk of Childhood Asthma in Relation to the Timing of Early Child Care Exposures

  • Matthew J. Gurka, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Matthew J. Gurka, PhD, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0717.
    • ,
  • James A. Blackman, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
    • ,
  • Peter W. Heymann, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA

Received 12 December 2008 ,Revised 20 May 2009 ,Accepted 12 June 2009.

References 

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  3. Martinez FD. Maturation of immune responses at the beginning of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103(Pt 1):355–361
  4. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ. 1989;299(6710):1259–1260
  5. Ponsonby AL, Couper D, Dwyer T, Carmichael A. Cross sectional study of the relation between sibling number and asthma, hay fever, and eczema. Arch Dis Child. 1998;79:328–333
  6. Strachan DP, Harkins LS, Johnston ID, Anderson HR. Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99(Pt 1):6–12
  7. Kramer U, Heinrich J, Wjst M, Wichmann HE. Age of entry to day nursery and allergy in later childhood. Lancet. 1999;353(9151):450–454
  8. Martel M, Rey E, Malo J, et al. Determinants of the incidence of childhood asthma: A two-stage case-control study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;•••
  9. Marbury MC, Maldonado G, Waller L. Lower respiratory illness, recurrent wheezing, and day care attendance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:156–161
  10. Nafstad P, Hagen JA, Oie L, Magnus P, Jaakkola JJ. Day care centers and respiratory health. Pediatrics. 1999;103:753–758
  11. Celedon JC, Wright RJ, Litonjua AA, et al. Day care attendance in early life, maternal history of asthma, and asthma at the age of 6 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:1239–1243
  12. Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. the group health medical associates. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:133–138
  13. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development Study Summary. Available at http://secc.rti.org/summary.cfm.
  14. Does amount of time spent in child care predict socioemotional adjustment during the transition to kindergarten?. Child Dev. 2003;74:976–1005
  15. Caldwell BM, Bradley RH University of Arkansas at Little Rock. Center for Child Development and Education. HOME Observation for Measurement of the Environment. Rev. ed. Little Rock, Ark: University of Arkansas at Little Rock; 1984;p. 135
  16. Ponsonby AL, Couper D, Dwyer T, Carmichael A, Kemp A. Relationship between early life respiratory illness, family size over time, and the development of asthma and hay fever: a seven year follow up study. Thorax. 1999;54:664–669
  17. Louhiala PJ, Jaakkola N, Ruotsalainen R, Jaakkola JJ. Form of day care and respiratory infections among finnish children. Am J Public Health. 1995;85(Pt 1):1109–1112
  18. Ball TM, Holberg CJ, Aldous MB, Martinez FD, Wright AL. Influence of attendance at day care on the common cold from birth through 13 years of age. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:121–126
  19. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network. Child care and common communicable illnesses: Results from the national institute of child health and human development study of early child care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:481–488
  20. Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, et al. Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study. BMJ. 2001;322(7283):390–395
  21. Raby BA, Celedon JC, Litonjua AA, et al. Low-normal gestational age as a predictor of asthma at 6 years of age. Pediatrics. 2004;114:e327–e332
  22. Rusconi F, Galassi C, Corbo GM, et al. Risk factors for early, persistent, and late-onset wheezing in young children. SIDRIA collaborative group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160:1617–1622
  23. Laerum BN, Svanes C, Wentzel-Larsen T, et al. Young maternal age at delivery is associated with asthma in adult offspring. Respir Med. 2007;101:1431–1438
  24. Hunninghake GM, Weiss ST, Celedon JC. Asthma in Hispanics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:143–163
  25. Withers NJ, Low L, Holgate ST, Clough JB. The natural history of respiratory symptoms in a cohort of adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:352–357

 Funded by NICHD grant R03-HD055298. The authors declare no potential, perceived, or real conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(09)00579-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.06.035

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 155, Issue 6 , Pages 781-787.e1 , December 2009

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