The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 155, Issue 3 , Pages 318-323 , September 2009

Clinical Neonatal Seizures are Independently Associated with Outcome in Infants at Risk for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

  • Hannah C. Glass, MDCM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Hannah C. Glass, University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Box 0663, 521 Parnassus Avenue, C-215, San Francisco, CA 94143-0663.
  • ,
  • David Glidden, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
  • ,
  • Rita J. Jeremy, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
  • ,
  • A. James Barkovich, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
    • Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
  • ,
  • Donna M. Ferriero, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
  • ,
  • Steven P. Miller, MDCM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
    • Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Received 9 December 2008 ,Revised 2 February 2009 ,Accepted 19 March 2009.

References 

  1. Eriksson M, Zetterstrom R. Neonatal convulsions: incidence and causes in the Stockholm area. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1979;68:807–811
  2. Ronen GM, Penney S, Andrews W. The epidemiology of clinical neonatal seizures in Newfoundland: a population-based study. J Pediatr. 1999;134:71–75
  3. Ronen GM, Buckley D, Penney S, Streiner DL. Long-term prognosis in children with neonatal seizures: a population-based study. Neurology. 2007;69:1816–1822
  4. Minchom P, Niswander K, Chalmers I, Dauncey M, Newcombe R, Elbourne D, et al. Antecedents and outcome of very early neonatal seizures in infants born at or after term. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987;94:431–439
  5. Tekgul H, Gauvreau K, Soul J, Murphy L, Robertson R, Stewart J, et al. The current etiologic profile and neurodevelopmental outcome of seizures in term newborn infants. Pediatrics. 2006;117:1270–1280
  6. Miller SP, Latal B, Clark H, Barnwell A, Glidden D, Barkovich AJ, et al. Clinical signs predict 30-month neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal encephalopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:93–99
  7. Painter MJ, Scher MS, Stein AD, Armatti S, Wang Z, Gardiner JC, et al. Phenobarbital compared with phenytoin for the treatment of neonatal seizures. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:485–489
  8. Bittigau P, Sifringer M, Genz K, Reith E, Pospischil D, Govindarajalu S, et al. Antiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:15089–15094
  9. Holmes GL, Ben-Ari Y. The neurobiology and consequences of epilepsy in the developing brain. Pediatr Res. 2001;49:320–325
  10. Sankar R, Rho JM. Do seizures affect the developing brain? Lessons from the laboratory. J Child Neurol. 2007;22:21S–29S
  11. Silverstein FS, Jensen FE. Neonatal seizures. Ann Neurol. 2007;62:112–120
  12. Miller SP, Weiss J, Barnwell A, Ferriero DM, Latal-Hajnal B, Ferrer-Rogers A, et al. Seizure-associated brain injury in term newborns with perinatal asphyxia. Neurology. 2002;58:542–548
  13. Younkin DP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Maris J, Donlon E, Clancy R, Chance B. Cerebral metabolic effects of neonatal seizures measured with in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy. Ann Neurol. 1986;20:513–519
  14. Barkovich AJ, Hajnal BL, Vigneron D, Sola A, Partridge JC, Allen F, et al. Prediction of neuromotor outcome in perinatal asphyxia: evaluation of MR scoring systems. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:143–149
  15. Miller SP, Newton N, Ferriero DM, Partridge JC, Glidden DV, Barnwell A, et al. Predictors of 30-month outcome after perinatal depression: role of proton MRS and socioeconomic factors. Pediatr Res. 2002;52:71–77
  16. Miller SP, Ramaswamy V, Michelson D, Barkovich AJ, Holshouser B, Wycliffe N, et al. Patterns of brain injury in term neonatal encephalopathy. J Pediatr. 2005;146:453–460
  17. Hajnal BL, Sahebkar-Moghaddam F, Barnwell AJ, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM. Early prediction of neurologic outcome after perinatal depression. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;21:788–793
  18. Barkovich AJ, Miller SP, Bartha A, Newton N, Hamrick SE, Mukherjee P, et al. MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging of sequential studies in neonates with encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27:533–547
  19. Laroia N, Guillet R, Burchfiel J, McBride MC. EEG background as predictor of electrographic seizures in high-risk neonates. Epilepsia. 1998;39:545–551
  20. Wechsler D. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R) Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1989;
  21. McKinstry RC, Miller JH, Snyder AZ, Mathur A, Schefft GL, Almli CR, et al. A prospective, longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of brain injury in newborns. Neurology. 2002;59:824–833
  22. Wirrell EC, Armstrong EA, Osman LD, Yager JY. Prolonged seizures exacerbate perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Pediatr Res. 2001;50:445–454
  23. Yager JY, Armstrong EA, Miyashita H, Wirrell EC. Prolonged neonatal seizures exacerbate hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: correlation with cerebral energy metabolism and excitatory amino acid release. Dev Neurosci. 2002;24:367–381
  24. Holmes GL, Gairsa JL, Chevassus-Au-Louis N, Ben-Ari Y. Consequences of neonatal seizures in the rat: morphological and behavioral effects. Ann Neurol. 1998;44:845–857
  25. Lynch M, Sayin U, Bownds J, Janumpalli S, Sutula T. Long-term consequences of early postnatal seizures on hippocampal learning and plasticity. Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12:2252–2264
  26. Sayin U, Sutula TP, Stafstrom CE. Seizures in the developing brain cause adverse long-term effects on spatial learning and anxiety. Epilepsia. 2004;45:1539–1548
  27. Koh S, Storey TW, Santos TC, Mian AY, Cole AJ. Early-life seizures in rats increase susceptibility to seizure-induced brain injury in adulthood. Neurology. 2001;57:S22–S28
  28. Jiang M, Lee CL, Smith KL, Swann JW. Spine loss and other persistent alterations of hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites in a model of early-onset epilepsy. J Neurosci. 1998;18:8356–8368
  29. Montgomery EM, Bardgett ME, Lall B, Csernansky CA, Csernansky JG. Delayed neuronal loss after administration of intracerebroventricular kainic acid to preweanling rats. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1999;112:107–116
  30. McCabe BK, Silveira DC, Cilio MR, Cha BH, Liu X, Sogawa Y, et al. Reduced neurogenesis after neonatal seizures. J Neurosci. 2001;21:2094–2103
  31. Boylan GB, Rennie JM, Chorley G, Pressler RM, Fox GF, Farrer K, et al. Second-line anticonvulsant treatment of neonatal seizures: a video-EEG monitoring study. Neurology. 2004;62:486–488

 Supported by Grant UL RR024131-01 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research; and NIH Grant NS40117. H. G. is supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Neurological Sciences Academic Development Award NS01692. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NCRR or the NIH. S.M. is supported by a Clinician Scientist award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and a Scholar award from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research. The authors report no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(09)00320-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.040

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 155, Issue 3 , Pages 318-323 , September 2009