High-Dose Continuous Nebulized Levalbuterol for Pediatric Status Asthmaticus: A Randomized Trial

Objective

To assess the use of high-dose continuous levalbuterol (LEV), the single active (R)-enantiomer of racemic albuterol (RAC), in the treatment of status asthmaticus.

Study design

Children age 6 to 18 years with severe asthma exacerbation were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind trial if they failed initial emergency department (ED) therapy with RAC and systemic steroids. Subjects received equipotent doses of RAC (20 mg/hour) or LEV (10 mg/hour) within a standardized inpatient protocol. Blood samples for measurements of albuterol enantiomer, potassium, and glucose levels were obtained from the first 40 subjects. The median time until discontinuation of continuous therapy was compared using the rank-sum test, and other outcomes were compared using general linear mixed models.

Results

A total of 81 subjects (40 in the RAC group and 41 in the LEV group) were enrolled; the 2 groups were similar at baseline. Both groups tolerated continuous therapy with similar changes in heart rate and serum potassium and glucose levels but higher serum (S)-albuterol concentrations in the subjects treated with RAC. The median time for continuous therapy was similar in the RAC and LEV groups (18.3 hours vs 16.0 hours), as were the other clinical measures.

Conclusions

Substituting high-dose continuous LEV for RAC did not reduce the time on continuous therapy and had similar adverse effects in children who had failed initial treatment with RAC.

ED, Emergency department, FEV₁, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, LEV, Levalbuterol, NAEPP, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, RAC, Racemic albuterol