The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 6 , Pages 807-813 , June 2009

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Serum Uric Acid, and Blood Pressure in Adolescents

  • Stephanie Nguyen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Dr Stephanie Nguyen, UCSF Children's Renal Center, 533 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0748, San Francisco, CA 94131-0748
    • ,
  • Hyon K. Choi, MD, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Robert H. Lustig, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
    • ,
  • Chi-yuan Hsu, MD, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Received 29 August 2008 ,Revised 25 November 2008 ,Accepted 9 January 2009.

References 

  1. Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:537–543
  2. Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:899–906
  3. Rutledge AC, Adeli K. Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev. 2007;65:S13–S23
  4. Emmerson BT. Effect of oral fructose on urate production. Ann Rheum Dis. 1974;33:276–280
  5. Fox IH, Kelley WN. Studies on the mechanism of fructose-induced hyperuricemia in man. Metabolism. 1972;21:713–721
  6. Perheentupa J, Raivio K. Fructose-induced hyperuricaemia. Lancet. 1967;290:528
  7. Reiser S, Powell AS, Scholfield DJ, Panda P, Ellwood KC, Canary JJ. Blood lipids, lipoproteins, apoproteins, and uric acid in men fed diets containing fructose or high-amylose cornstarch. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49:832–839
  8. Gagliardi ACM, Miname MH, Santos RD. Uric acid: a marker of increased cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2009;202:11–17
  9. Johnson RJ, Feig DI, Herrera-Acosta J, Kang DH. Resurrection of uric acid as a causal risk factor in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2005;45:18–20
  10. Wang YC, Bleich SN, Gortmaker SL. Increasing caloric contribution from sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices among US children and adolescents, 1988-2004. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1604–e1614
  11. Choi JW, Ford ES, Gao X, Choi HK. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:109–116
  12. Gao X, Qi L, Qiao N, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women. Hypertension. 2007;50:306–312
  13. Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:274–288
  14. Alper AB, Chen W, Yau L, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Hamm LL. Childhood uric acid predicts adult blood pressure: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension. 2005;45:34–38
  15. Feig DI, Johnson RJ. Hyperuricemia in childhood primary hypertension. Hypertension. 2003;42:247–252
  16. Ford ES, Li C, Cook S, Choi HK. Serum concentrations of uric acid and the metabolic syndrome among US children and adolescents. Circulation. 2007;115:2526–2532
  17. Goldstein HS, Manowitz P. Relation between serum uric acid and blood pressure in adolescents. Ann Hum Biol. 1993;20:423–431
  18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1999-2004;http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhanes/datalink.htmAccessed September 2006
  19. Perloff D, Grim C, Flack J, et al. Human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometry. Circulation. 1993;88:2460–2470
  20. Weitzman M, Cook S, Auinger P, et al. Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Circulation. 2005;112:862–869
  21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES III 1988-94 Reference Manuals and Reports (on CD-ROM). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 1996;
  22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analytic and Reporting Guidelines. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2006;http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_03_04/nhanes_analytic_guidelines_dec_2005.pdf
  23. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:S1–S266
  24. Choi HK, Curhan G. Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008;336:309–312
  25. Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Elsayed EF, Griffith JL, Salem DN, Levey AS. Uric acid and incident kidney disease in the community. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:1204–1211
  26. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903–1913
  27. Nakagawa T, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Johnson RJ. Hypothesis: fructose-induced hyperuricemia as a causal mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2005;1:80–86
  28. Feig DI, Mazzali M, Kang D-H, et al. Serum uric acid: a risk factor and a target for treatment?. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:S69–S73
  29. Rebello T, Hodges RE, Smith JL. Short-term effects of various sugars on antinatriuresis and blood pressure changes in normotensive young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983;38:84–94
  30. He FJ, Marrero NM, MacGregor GA. Salt intake is related to soft drink consumption in children and adolescents: a link to obesity?. Hypertension. 2008;51:629–634
  31. Savoca MR, Evans CD, Wilson ME, Harshfield GA, Ludwig DA. The association of caffeinated beverages with blood pressure in adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:473–477
  32. Rockett HR, Colditz GA. Assessing diets of children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:1116S–1122S
  33. Willett W. Nutritional Epidemiology. 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998;
  34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Food Frequency Questionnaire: Raw Questionnaire Responses. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008;
  35. Simsolo RB, Romo MM, Rabinovich L, Bonanno M, Grunfeld B. Family history of essential hypertension versus obesity as risk factors for hypertension in adolescents. Am J Hypertens. 1999;12:260–263
  36. Ueno M, Tomita Y, Tsuchihashi T, Takishita S, Fujishima M. Clinical alterations in normotensive offspring with parental hypertension. J Hypertens Suppl. 1988;6:S50–S51
  37. Fuentes RM, Notkola IL, Shemeikka S, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Familial aggregation of blood pressure: a population-based family study in eastern Finland. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14:441–445
  38. Cook BB, Treiber FA, Mensah G, Jindal M, Davis HC, Kapuku GK. Family history of hypertension and left ventricular mass in youth: possible mediating parameters. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:351–356

 S.N. was supported by the American Heart Association (0725258Y) and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco. C-y.H. was supported by NIH DK70939 and DK67126.

 The authors disclose no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(09)00015-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.015

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 6 , Pages 807-813 , June 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution