The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 5 , Pages 682-687.e7 , May 2009

Long-Term Budesonide or Nedocromil Treatment, Once Discontinued, Does Not Alter the Course of Mild to Moderate Asthma in Children and Adolescents

  • Robert C. Strunk, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Robert C. Strunk, MD, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St Louis Children's Hospital, One Children's Place, St Louis, MO 63110
    • ,
  • Alice L. Sternberg, ScM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
    • ,
  • Stanley J. Szefler, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO
    • ,
  • Robert S. Zeiger, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
    • ,
  • Bruce Bender, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO
    • ,
  • James Tonascia, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
    • ,
  • Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) Research Group

Received 24 July 2008 ,Revised 3 October 2008 ,Accepted 17 November 2008.

References 

  1. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 1997;
  2. Warner J, Naspitz C. Third International Pediatric Consensus statement on the management of childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998;25:1–17
  3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention: NHLBI/WHO Workshop Report. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 1995;
  4. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2007;
  5. Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma. New Eng J Med. 2000;343:1054–1063
  6. Pauwels R, Pedersen S, Busse W, Tan W, Chen Y, Ohlsson S. Early intervention with budesonide in mild persistent asthma: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1071–1076
  7. Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. The Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP): design, rationale, and methods. Control Clin Trials. 1999;20:91–120
  8. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma: Update on Selected Topics, 2002. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2002;
  9. Genant H, Grampp S, Gluer C, Faulkner KG, Jergas M, Engelke K, et al. Universal standardization for dual X-ray absorptiometry: patient and phantom cross-calibration results. J Bone Miner Res. 1994;9:1503–1514
  10. Kelly H, Van Natta M, Covar R, Tonascia J, Green R, Strunk R. The effect of long-term corticosteroid use on bone mineral density in children: A prospective longitudinal assessment in the CAMP trial. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e53–e61
  11. Achenbach T. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry; 1991;
  12. Juniper E, Guyatt G, Feeny D, Ferrie P, Griffith L, Townsend M. Measuring quality of life in children with asthma. Qual Life Res. 1996;5:35–46
  13. McCullough P, Nelder J. Generalized Linear Models. New York: Chapman & Hall; 1989;
  14. Searle S, Speed F, Miliken G. Population marginal means in the linear model: an alternative to lease squares means. Am Statistician. 1980;34:216–221
  15. Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB. Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:179–187
  16. Martin A, Landau L, Phelan P. Natural history of allergy in asthmatic children followed to adult life. Med J Aust. 1981;2:470–474
  17. Guilbert T, Morgan W, Zeiger R, Mauger D, Boehmer SJ, Szefler SJ, et al. Long-term inhaled corticosteroids in pre-school children at high risk for asthma. New Eng J Med. 2006;354:1985–1997
  18. van Essen-Zandvliet E, Hughes M, Waalkens H, Duiverman E, Kerrebijn K, Group DCS. Remission of childhood asthma after long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide): can it be achieved?. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:63–68
  19. Chen Y, Busse W, Pedersen S, Tan W, Lamm C, O'Byrne P. Early intervention of recent onset mild persistent asthma in children aged under 11 years: the Steroid Treatment As Regular Therapy in early asthma (START) trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006;17(Suppl 17):7–13
  20. Waalkens H, van Essen-Zandvliet E, Hughes M, Gerritsen J, Duiverman EJ, Knol K, et al. Cessation of long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) in children with asthma results in deterioration. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148:1252–1257
  21. Tinkelman D, Reed C, Nelson H, Offord K. Aerosol beclomethasone dipropionate compared with theophylline as primary treatment of chronic, mild to moderately severe asthma in children. Pediatrics. 1993;92:64–77

 The Childhood Asthma Management Program is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (contracts NO1-HR-16044, -16045, -16046, -16047, -16048, -16049, -16050, -16051, and -16052) and the National Center for Research Resources (General Clinical Research Center grants M01RR00051, M01RR0099718-24, M01RR02719-14, and RR00036). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

 No reprints are available from the authors.

PII: S0022-3476(08)01034-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.11.036

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 5 , Pages 682-687.e7 , May 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution