The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 4 , Pages 509-513 , April 2009

Insulin Sensitivity Decreases in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age Treated with Growth Hormone

Received 4 January 2008 ,Revised 4 August 2008 ,Accepted 26 September 2008.

References 

  1. Karlberg J, Albertsson-Wikland K. Growth in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants: from birth to final height. Pediatr Res. 1995;38:733–739
  2. Hokken-Koelega AC, De Ridder MA, Lemmen RJ, Den Hartog H, De Muinck Keizer-Schrama DM, Drop SL. Children born small for gestational age: do they catch up?. Pediatr Res. 1995;38:267–271
  3. De Waal WJ, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Stijnen T, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, Drop SL. Endogenous and stimulated GH secretion, urinary GH excretion and plasma IGF I and IGF II levels in prepubertal children with short stature after intrauterine growth retardation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;41:621–630
  4. Boguszewski M, Rosberg S, Albertsson-Wikland K. Spontaneous 24-hour growth hormone profiles in prepubertal small for gestational age children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:2599–2606
  5. Fjellestad-Paulsen A, Czernichow P, Brauner R, Bost M, Colle M, Lebouc JY, et al. Three-year data from a comparative study with recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of short stature in young children with intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87:511–517
  6. Boguszewski M, Albertsson-Wikland K, Aronsson S, Gustafsson J, Hagenas L, Westgren U, et al. Growth hormone treatment of short children born small for gestational age: the Nordic Multicenter Trial. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87:257–263
  7. Sas T, De Wal WJ, Mulder P, Houdijk M, Jansen M, Reeser HM, et al. Growth hormone treatment in children with short stature born small for gestational age: 5 year results of a randomized, double-blind, dose-response trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3064–3070
  8. Ranke MB, Lindberg A. Growth hormone treatment of short children born small for gestational age or with Silver-Russel syndrome: results from KIGS (Kabi International Growth Study), including the first report on final height. Acta Paediatr. 1996;(Suppl 417):18–26
  9. Van Pareren Y, Mulder P, Houdijik M, Jansen M, Reeser M, Hokken.Koelega A. Adult height after long-term, continuous growth hormone (GH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age: results of a randomized, double-blind, dose-response GH trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3584–3590
  10. Carel JC, Chatelain P, Rochiccioli P, Chaussain JL. Improvement in adult height after growth hormone treatment in adolescents with short stature born small for gestational age: results of a randomized controlled study. J Clin Endorinol Metab. 2003;88:1587–1593
  11. Dahlgren J, Wikland KA. Final height in short children born small for gestational age treated with growth hormone. Pediatr Res. 2005;57:216–222
  12. Phillips DI, Barker DJ, Hales CN, Hirst S, Osmond C. Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life. Diabetologia. 1994;37:150–154
  13. Hofman PL, Cutfield WS, Robinson EM, Bergman RN, Menon RK, Sperling MA, et al. Insulin resistance in short children with intrauterine growth retardation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:402–406
  14. Veening MA, Van Weissenbruch MM, Delemarre-Van De Waal HA. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in children born small for gestational age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4657–4661
  15. Soto N, Bazaes RA, Pena V, Salazar T, Avila A, Iniguez G, et al. Insulin sensitivity and secretion are related to catch-up growth in small for gestational age infants at age 1 year (Results from a prospective cohort). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3645–3650
  16. Barker DJ, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Harding JE, Owens JA, Robinson JS. Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life. Lancet. 1993;341:938–941
  17. Arends NJT, Boonstra VH, Duivenvoorden HJ, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Reduced insulin sensitivity and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in short prepubertal children born small for gestational age (SGA). Clin Endocrinol. 2005;62:44–50
  18. Davidson MB. Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Endocr Rev. 1987;8:115–131
  19. Amiel SA, Caprio S, Sherwin RS, Plewe G, Haymond MW, Tamborlane WV. Insulin resistance of puberty: a defect restricted to peripheral glucose metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;72:277–282
  20. Colle E, Schiff D, Andrew G, Bauer CB, Fitzhardinge P. Insulin responses during catch-up growth of infants who were small for gestational age. Pediatrics. 1976;57:363–371
  21. Voigt M, Friese K, Schneider KTM, Jorch G, Hesse V. Kurzmitteilung zu den Perzentilenwerten für die Körpermasse Neugeborener. Geburtsh Frauenheilk. 2002;62:274–276
  22. Prader A, Largo R, Molinari L, Issler C. Physical growth of Swiss children from birth to 20 years of age (First Zurich longitudinal study of growth and development). Helv Paediatr Acta. 1989;(Suppl 52):1–125
  23. Cole TJ, Freeman JV, Preece MA. Body mass index curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child. 1995;37:25–29
  24. Matthews D, Hosker J, Rudenski A, Naylor B, Treacher D, Turner R. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412–419
  25. Matsuda S, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing, comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1462–1470
  26. Barker DJ, Hales CN, Fall Ch, Osmond C, Phipps K, Clark PM. Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth. Diabetologia. 1993;36:62–67
  27. Cutfield WS, Jackson WE, Jefferies C, Robinson EM, Breier BH, Richards GE, et al. Reduced insulin sensitivity during growth hormone therapy for short children born small for gestational age. J Pediatr. 2003;142:113–116
  28. Ranke MB, Lindberg A, Cowell CT, Wikland KA, Reiter EO, Wilton P, et al. Prediction of response to growth hormone treatment in short children born small for gestational age: analysis of data from KIGS (Pharmacia International Growth Database). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:125–131
  29. Willemsen FH, Arends NJ, Bakker-van Waarde WM, Jansen M, van Mil EG, Mulder J, et al. Long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment on body composition and bone mineral density in short children born small-for-gestational-age: six-year follow-up of a randomized controlled GH trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf.). 2007;67:485–492
  30. Léger J, Carel C, Fjellestad-Paulsen A, Hassan M, Czernichow P. Human growth hormone treatment of short stature children born small for gestational age: effect on muscle and adipose tissue mass during a 3 year-treatment period and after 1 year's withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:3512–3516
  31. Van Dijk M, Bannink EMN, Van Pareren Y, Mulder PGH, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome are comparable for previously growth hormone-treated young adults born small for gestational age (SGA) and untreated short SGA controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:160–165

 Supported in part by unrestricted grants from MerckSerono GmbH and NovoNordisk GmbH. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(08)00858-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.09.050

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 4 , Pages 509-513 , April 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution