The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 3 , Pages 391-395 , March 2009

Fish Oil N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Selectively Affect Plasma Cytokines and Decrease Illness in Thai Schoolchildren: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Intervention Trial

  • Alice Thienprasert, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Alice Thienprasert, PhD, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, 73000 Thailand
    • ,
  • Suched Samuhaseneetoo, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Engineering and Agro Industry, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
    • ,
  • Kathryn Popplestone, BSc

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Annette L. West, BSc

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Elizabeth A. Miles, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Philip C. Calder, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Received 9 May 2008 ,Revised 19 August 2008 ,Accepted 4 September 2008.

References 

  1. Calder PC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity. Lipids. 2001;36:1007–1024
  2. Calder PC. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: pouring oil on troubled waters or another fishy tale?. Nutr Res. 2001;21:309–341
  3. Calder PC, Yaqoob P, Thies F, Wallace FA, Miles EA. Fatty acids and lymphocyte functions. Brit J Nutr. 2002;87:S31–S48
  4. Calder PC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: from molecular biology to the clinic. Lipids. 2003;38:342–352
  5. Fritsche K. Fatty acids as modulators of the immune response. Ann Rev Nutr. 2006;26:45–73
  6. Calder PC. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1505S–1519S
  7. Yaqoob P, Calder PC. Fatty acids and immune function: new insights into mechanisms. Br J Nutr. 2007;98:S41–S45
  8. Calder PC. The scientific basis for fish oil supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis. In:  Ransley JK,  Donnelly JK,  Read NW editor. Food and nutritional supplements - their role in health and disease. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2001;p. 175–197
  9. Calder PC, Zurier RB. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001;4:115–121
  10. Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007;129:210–223
  11. Belluzzi A. n-3 Fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Nutr Soc. 2002;61:391–395
  12. Teitelbaum JE, Walker WA. Review: The role of omega 3 fatty acids in intestinal inflammation. J Nutr Biochem. 2001;12:21–32
  13. Mills SC, Windsor AC, Knight SC. The potential interactions between polyunsaturated fatty acids and colonic inflammatory processes. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005;142:216–228
  14. Anderson M, Fritsche KL. N-3 fatty acids and infectious disease resistance. J Nutr. 2002;132:3566–3576
  15. Calder PC, Miles EA. Fatty acids and atopic disease. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2000;13(Suppl):29–36
  16. Calder PC. Abnormal fatty acid profiles occur in atopic dermatitis but what do they mean?. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006;36:138–141
  17. Hodge L, Salome CM, Hughes JM, Liu-Brennan D, Rimmer J, Allman M, et al. Effect of dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on severity of asthma in children. Eur Respir J. 1998;11:361–365
  18. Damsgaard C, Lauritzen L, Kjaer TMR, Holm PMI, Fruekilde MB, Michaelsen KF, et al. The effects of fish oil on immune function in healthy infants. J Nutr. 2007;137:1031–1036
  19. Vaisman N, Zaruk Y, Shirazi I, Kaysar N, Barak V. The effect of fish oil supplementation on cytokine production in children. Eur Cytokine Network. 2005;16:194–198
  20. Pastor N, Soler B, Mitmesser SH, Ferguson P, Lifschitz C. Infants fed docosahexaenoic acid- and arachidonic acid-supplemented formula have decreased incidence of bronchiolitis/bronchitis in the first year of life. Clin Pediatr. 2006;45:850–855
  21. Rees D, Miles EA, Banerjee T, Wells SJ, Roynette CE, Wahle KWJ, et al. Dose-related effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on innate immune function in healthy humans: a comparison of young and older men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:331–342
  22. Conquer JA, Tierney MC, Zecevic J, Bettger WJ, Fisher RH. Fatty acid analysis of blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer's Diseases, other types of dementia, and cognitive impairment. Lipids. 2000;35:1305–1312
  23. Shimasaki H. PUFA content and effect of dietary intake of γ-linolenic acid-rich oil on profiles of n-6, n-3 metabolites in plasma of children with atopic eczema. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 1995;19:183–192
  24. Griese M, Schur N, Laryea MD, Bremer HJ, Reinhardt D, Biggemann B. Fatty acid composition of phospholipids of plasma and of mononuclear blood cells in children with allergic asthma and the influence of glucocorticoids. Eur J Pediatr. 1990;149:508–512
  25. Nagakura T, Matsuda S, Shichijyo K, Sugimoto H, Hata K. Dietary supplementation with fish oil rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in children with bronchial asthma. Eur Respir J. 2000;16:861–865

 Supported by a grant (R01TW006201) from the National Institutes of Health, USA to AT under the GRIP program. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(08)00780-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.09.014

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 3 , Pages 391-395 , March 2009

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