The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 3 , Pages 396-400.e1 , March 2009

Respiratory Pathogens in Children with and without Respiratory Symptoms

  • Marieke M. van der Zalm, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Respiratory Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Marieke M. van der Zalm, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Respiratory Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, Office KH 01.419.0, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Bart E. van Ewijk, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Respiratory Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Berry Wilbrink, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Cuno S.P.M. Uiterwaal, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Tom F.W. Wolfs, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Cornelis K. van der Ent, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Respiratory Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Received 18 February 2008 ,Revised 22 July 2008 ,Accepted 18 August 2008.

References 

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  3. van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Heijnen ML, Bartelds AI, Peters MF, van der Plas SM, Wilbrink B. A case-control study of acute respiratory tract infection in general practice patients in The Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:490–497
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  8. Papadopoulos NG, Moustaki M, Tsolia M, Bossios A, Astra E, Prezerakou A, et al. Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1285–1289
  9. Semple MG, Cowell A, Dove W, Greensill J, McNamara PS, Halfhide C, et al. Dual infection of infants by human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus is strongly associated with severe bronchiolitis. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:382–386
  10. van der Zalm MM, Uiterwaal CS, de Jong BM, Wilbrink B, van der Ent CK. Viral specimen collection by parents increases response rate in population-based virus studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117:955–956
  11. Peltola V, Waris M, Osterback R, Susi P, Ruuskanen O, Hyypia T. Rhinovirus transmission within families with children: incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:382–389
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  14. Lemanske RF, Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, Li Z, Shult PA, et al. Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116:571–577
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  18. Nokso-Koivisto J, Kinnari TJ, Lindahl P, Hovi T, Pitkaranta A. Human picornavirus and coronavirus RNA in nasopharynx of children without concurrent respiratory symptoms. J Med Virol. 2002;66:417–420
  19. Rakes GP, Arruda E, Ingram JM, Hoover GE, Zambrano JC, Hayden FG, et al. Rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in wheezing children requiring emergency care: IgE and eosinophil analyses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:785–790
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  21. Jartti T, Lehtinen P, Vuorinen T, Koskenvuo M, Ruuskanen O. Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children. J Med Virol. 2004;72:695–699
  22. Simon A, Wilkesmann A, Muller A, Schildgen O. HMPV infections are frequently accompanied by co-infections. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:98
  23. Wilkesmann A, Schildgen O, Eis-Hubinger AM, Geikowski T, Glatzel T, Lentze MJ, et al. Human metapneumovirus infections cause similar symptoms and clinical severity as respiratory syncytial virus infections. Eur J Pediatr. 2006;165:467–475

 Supported by a MD/PhD grant from the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (to M.vdZ.) and a fellowship from the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Research Fund (to B.vE.). None of the authors reports any conflict of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(08)00719-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.08.036

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 3 , Pages 396-400.e1 , March 2009

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