Associations between Multiple Environmental Exposures and Glutathione S-transferase P1 on Persistent Wheezing in a Birth Cohort

Geographic location of CCAAPS infants' homes. Infants lived within a 7-county area of Cincinnati, Ohio. Families were recruited on the basis of the proximity of their home residence to truck and bus traffic by geocoding residential addresses located on infant birth records.

Individual environmental exposures, GST-P1 genotype, and infant wheezing. A, High DEP estimate exposure levels were significantly associated with wheezing at 12 months, 24 months, and with persistent wheezing only in infants carrying the Val¹⁰⁵ allele. B, ETS exposure was significantly associated with wheezing at 12 and 24 months only in infants carrying the Val¹⁰⁵ allele. C, Mold exposure was significantly associated with wheezing at 24 months in infants carrying the Val¹⁰⁵ allele. D, Environmental load, GST-P1 genotype, and infant wheezing. At 12 months, only infants carrying the Val¹⁰⁵ allele and who were exposed to 2 or more exposures were significantly likely to wheeze. At 24 months and with persistent wheezing, all infants despite their genotype were significantly likely to wheeze when exposed to 2 or more exposures. *P value < .05.