The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 1 , Pages 17-19 , January 2009

Mid-Pregnancy Cotinine and Risks of Orofacial Clefts and Neural Tube Defects

  • Gary M. Shaw, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • March of Dimes California Research Division, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Dr Gary Shaw, March of Dimes California Research Division, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609
    • ,
  • Suzan L. Carmichael, PhD

      Affiliations

    • March of Dimes California Research Division, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
    • ,
  • Stein Emil Vollset, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
    • ,
  • Wei Yang, MD

      Affiliations

    • March of Dimes California Research Division, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
    • ,
  • Richard H. Finnell, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Biosciences and Technology, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX
    • ,
  • Henk Blom, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Øivind Midttun, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Bevital A/S, Armanuer Hansens Hus, Bergen, Norway
    • ,
  • Per M. Ueland, MD

      Affiliations

    • Bevital A/S, Armanuer Hansens Hus, Bergen, Norway
    • Section for Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Armauer Hansens Huz, Bergen, Norway

Received 21 April 2008 ,Revised 30 June 2008 ,Accepted 5 August 2008.

References 

  1. Little J, Cardy A, Munger RG. Tobacco smoking and oral clefts: a meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82:213–218
  2. Shaw GM, Velie EM, Morland K. Parental recreational drug use and risk for neural tube defects. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:1155–1160
  3. Kallen K. Maternal smoking, body mass index, and neural tube defects. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:1103–1111
  4. Evans DR, Newcombe RG, Campbell H. Maternal smoking habits and congenital malformations: a population study. Br Med J. 1979;2:171–173
  5. Kelsey JL, Dwyer T, Holford TR, Bracken MB. Maternal smoking and congenital malformations: an epidemiological study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978;32:102–107
  6. Suarez L, Felkner M, Brender JD, Canfield M, Hendricks K. Maternal exposures to cigarette smoke, alcohol, and street drugs and neural tube defect occurrence in offspring. Matern Child Health J. 2008;12:394–401
  7. McDonald AD, Armstrong BG, Sloan M. Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and congenital defects. Am J Public Health. 1992;82:91–93
  8. Wasserman CR, Shaw GM, O'Malley CD, Tolarova MM, Lammer EJ. Parental cigarette smoking and risk for congenital anomalies of the heart, neural tube, or limb. Teratology. 1996;53:261–267
  9. Hanke W, Sobala W, Kalinka J. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure among pregnant women: impact on fetal biometry at 20-24 weeks of gestation and newborn child's birth weight. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2004;77:47–52
  10. Eskenazi B, Bergmann JJ. Passive and active maternal smoking during pregnancy, as measured by serum cotinine, and postnatal smoke exposure (I. Effects on physical growth at age 5 years). Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142:S10–S18
  11. Croen LA, Shaw GM, Jensvold NJ, Harris JA. Birth defects monitoring in California: a resource for epidemiologic research. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1991;5:423–427
  12. Ueland PM, Midttun O, Windelberg A, Svardal A, Skalevik R, Hustad S. Review: quantitative profiling of folate and one-carbon metabolism in large-scale epidemiological studies by mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2007;45:1737–1745
  13. MacLehose RF, Olshan AF, Herring A, Honein MA, Shaw GM, Romitti PA. Orofacial clefts and misclassification of maternal smoking. Epidemiology. 2008;In press
  14. Honein MA, Rasmussen SA, Reefhuis J, Romitti PA, Lammer EJ, Sun L, et al. Maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of orofacial clefts. Epidemiology. 2007;18:226–233
  15. Shi M, Christensen K, Weinberg CR, Romitti PA, Bathum L, Lozada A, et al. Orofacial cleft risk is increased with maternal smoking and specific detoxification-gene variants. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;80:76–90
  16. Millicovsky G, Johnston MC. Hyperoxia and hypoxia in pregnancy: simple experimental manipulation alters the incidence of cleft lip and palate in CL/Fr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981;78:5722–5723
  17. Upshall DG. Correlation of chick embryo teratogenicity with the nicotinic activity of a series of tetrahydropyrimidines. Teratology. 1972;5:287–293
  18. Carmichael NG, Backhouse BL, Winder C, Lewis PD. Teratogenicity, toxicity and perinatal effects of cadmium. Hum Toxicol. 1982;1:159–186
  19. Lambert GH, Nebert DW. Genetically mediated induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes associated with congenital defects in the mouse. Teratology. 1977;16:147–153
  20. Shaw GM, Nelson V, Carmichael SL, Lammer EJ, Finnell RH, Rosenquist TH. Maternal periconceptional vitamins: interactions with selected factors and congenital anomalies?. Epidemiology. 2002;13:625–630
  21. McDonald SD, Perkins SL, Jodouin CA, Walker MC. Folate levels in pregnant women who smoke: an important gene/environment interaction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:620–625
  22. Grewal J, Carmichael SL, Ma C, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM. Maternal periconceptional smoking and alcohol consumption and risk for select congenital anomalies. In press Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008;
  23. England LJ, Grauman A, Qian C, Wilkins DG, Shisterman EF, Yu KF. Misclassification of maternal smoking status and its effects on an epidemiologic study of pregnancy outcomes. Nicotine Tobacco Res. 2007;9:1005–1013
  24. Dempsey D, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;301:594–598

 Supported by funds from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center of Excellence Award U50/CCU913241 and by NIH/NINDS R01 NS050249. The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

PII: S0022-3476(08)00680-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.08.006

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 154, Issue 1 , Pages 17-19 , January 2009

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