The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 152, Issue 2 , Pages 165-170.e2, February 2008

Metabolic Syndrome Rates in United States Adolescents, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002

  • Stephen Cook, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of General Pediatrics and Strong Children’s Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Stephen Cook, MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Department of Pediatrics, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 777, Rochester, NY 14642-3917.
  • ,
  • Peggy Auinger, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of General Pediatrics and Strong Children’s Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
  • ,
  • Chaoyang Li, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Adult and Community Health and the Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
  • ,
  • Earl S. Ford, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Adult and Community Health and the Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Received 31 January 2007; accepted 1 June 2007. published online 18 October 2007.

Objective

To report the prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States using 4 previously reported definitions of the syndrome.

Study design

Data from 12- to 19-year-old adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002 (NHANES 99-02) were analyzed by cross-sectional methods, by using 4 definitions of the metabolic syndrome previously applied to adolescents.

Results

In NHANES 99-02, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in all teens varied from 2.0% to 9.4% of teens in the United States, depending on the definition used. In obese teens, these prevalence rates varied from 12.4% to 44.2%. In the group of obese teens, application of the definition by Cruz produced a metabolic syndrome prevalence rate of 12.4%; that of Caprio produced a rate of 14.1%. However, none of the normal weight or overweight teens met either definition. Application of the definition by Cook produced a prevalence rate of 7.8% in overweight teens and 44% in obese teens. The adult definition of metabolic syndrome produced a prevalence rate of 16% in overweight teens and 26% in obese teens.

Conclusions

In the period between 1999 and 2002, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome varied from just >9% to as low as 2% of adolescents overall. Different definitions of metabolic syndrome generated prevalence rates in obese adolescents that varied widely from 12% to 44%. For this syndrome to be a useful construct, a more standardized set of criteria may be needed.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index, HDL, High-density lipoprotein, NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Panel, NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, PMSWG, Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome Working Group

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PII: S0022-3476(07)00562-8

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.06.004

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The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 152, Issue 2 , Pages 165-170.e2, February 2008