The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 151, Issue 6 , Pages 670-674 , December 2007

Size at Birth, Infant Growth, and Blood Pressure at Three Years of Age

  • Mandy B. Belfort, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Mandy B. Belfort, MD, MPH, Division of Newborn Medicine, Hunnewell 437, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115.
    • ,
  • Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Janet Rich-Edwards, ScD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Women’s Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
    • Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Ken P. Kleinman, ScD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Matthew W. Gillman, MD, SM

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA
    • Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.

Received 7 December 2006 ,Revised 16 March 2007 ,Accepted 1 May 2007.

References 

  1. Huxley RR, Shiell AW, Law CM. The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature. J Hypertens. 2000;18:815–831
  2. Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Cole TJ. Fetal origins of adult disease-the hypothesis revisited. BMJ. 1999;319:245–249
  3. Law CM, Shiell AW, Newsome CA, Syddall HE, Shinebourne EA, Fayers PM, et al. Fetal, infant, and childhood growth and adult blood pressure: a longitudinal study from birth to 22 years of age. Circulation. 2002;105:1088–1092
  4. Launer LJ, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Relation between birth weight and blood pressure: longitudinal study of infants and children. BMJ. 1993;307:1451–1454
  5. Uiterwaal CS, Anthony S, Launer LJ, Witteman JC, Trouwborst AM, Hofman A, et al. Birth weight, growth, and blood pressure: an annual follow-up study of children aged 5 through 21 years. Hypertension. 1997;30:267–271
  6. Bergel E, Haelterman E, Belizan J, Villar J, Carroli G. Perinatal factors associated with blood pressure during childhood. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151:594–601
  7. Adair LS, Cole TJ. Rapid child growth raises blood pressure in adolescent boys who were thin at birth. Hypertension. 2003;41:451–456
  8. Leon DA, Koupilova I, Lithell HO, Berglund L, Mohsen R, Vagero D, et al. Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men. BMJ. 1996;312:401–406
  9. Eriksson J, Forsen T, Tuomilehto J, Osmond C, Barker D. Fetal and childhood growth and hypertension in adult life. Hypertension. 2000;36:790–794
  10. Forsen T, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J, Notkola IL, Eriksson J, Vinni S. Growth in childhood and blood pressure in Finnish children. J Hum Hypertens. 1998;12:397–402
  11. Cheung YB, Low L, Osmond C, Barker D, Karlberg J. Fetal growth and early postnatal growth are related to blood pressure in adults. Hypertension. 2000;36:795–800
  12. Jarvelin MR, Sovio U, King V, Lauren L, Xu B, McCarthy MI, et al. Early life factors and blood pressure at age 31 years in the 1966 northern Finland birth cohort. Hypertension. 2004;44:838–846
  13. Benn RT. Some mathematical properties of weight-for-height indices used as measures of adiposity. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1971;25:42–50
  14. Gillman MW, Rich-Edwards JW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Lieberman ES, Kleinman KP, Lipshultz SE. Maternal age and other predictors of newborn blood pressure. J Pediatr. 2004;144:240–245
  15. Roberts JM, Pearson G, Cutler J, Lindheimer M. Summary of the NHLBI Working Group on Research on Hypertension During Pregnancy. Hypertension. 2003;41:437–445
  16. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–1252
  17. Whincup PH, Bruce NG, Cook DG, Shaper AG. The Dinamap 1846SX automated blood pressure recorder: comparison with the Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer under field conditions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1992;46:164–169
  18. Gillman MW, Cook NR. Blood pressure measurement in childhood epidemiological studies. Circulation. 1995;92:1049–1057
  19. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data. 2000;1–27
  20. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11. 2002;1–190
  21. Laird NM, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics. 1982;38:963–974
  22. Oken E, Kleinman KP, Rich-Edwards J, Gillman MW. A nearly continuous measure of birth weight for gestational age using a United States national reference. BMC Pediatr. 2003;3:6
  23. Whincup PH, Bredow M, Payne F, Sadler S, Golding J. Size at birth and blood pressure at 3 years of age (The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC)). Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:730–739
  24. Schachter J, Kuller LH, Perfetti C. Blood pressure during the first five years of life: relation to ethnic group (black or white) and to parental hypertension. Am J Epidemiol. 1984;119:541–553
  25. Lewis DS, Bertrand HA, McMahan CA, McGill HC, Carey KD, Masoro EJ. Preweaning food intake influences the adiposity of young adult baboons. J Clin Invest. 1986;78:899–905
  26. Baird J, Fisher D, Lucas P, Kleijnen J, Roberts H, Law C. Being big or growing fast: systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity. BMJ. 2005;331:929
  27. Singhal A, Fewtrell M, Cole TJ, Lucas A. Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm. Lancet. 2003;361:1089–1097
  28. Singhal A, Cole TJ, Fewtrell M, Deanfield J, Lucas A. Is slower early growth beneficial for long-term cardiovascular health?. Circulation. 2004;109:1108–1113
  29. Barker DJ, Osmond C, Forsen TJ, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1802–1809
  30. Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Tuomilehto J, Osmond C, Barker DJ. Early adiposity rebound in childhood and risk of Type 2 diabetes in adult life. Diabetologia. 2003;46:190–194
  31. Bhargava SK, Sachdev HS, Fall CH, Osmond C, Lakshmy R, Barker DJ, et al. Relation of serial changes in childhood body-mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:865–875
  32. Rifas-Shiman SL, Rich-Edwards JW, Scanlon KS, Kleinman KP, Gillman MW. Misdiagnosis of overweight and underweight children younger than 2 years of age due to length measurement bias. Med Gen Med. 2005;7:56
  33. Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ. Randomised trial of early diet in preterm babies and later intelligence quotient. BMJ. 1998;317:1481–1487

 Supported by NIH (HD 34568, HL 64925, HL 68041), Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Foundation, and Harvard Pediatric Health Services Research Fellowship Program (HRSA T32 HP10018).

PII: S0022-3476(07)00459-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.05.010

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 151, Issue 6 , Pages 670-674 , December 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution