The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 151, Issue 3 , Pages 275-279 , September 2007

Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

Received 22 September 2006 ,Revised 13 February 2007 ,Accepted 16 March 2007.

References 

  1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006;295:1549–1555
  2. Jolliffe D. Extent of overweight among US children and adolescents from 1971 to 2000. Int J Obes. 2004;28:4–9
  3. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among us children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA. 2004;291:2847–2850
  4. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital & Health Statistics - Series 11: Data from the National Health Survey. 2002;246:1–190
  5. Cruz ML, Shaibi GQ, Weignesberg MJ, Spruijt-Metz D, Ball GDC, Goran MI. Pediatric obesity and insulin resistance: chronic disease risk and implications for treatment and prevention beyond body weight modification. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:435–468
  6. Facchini FS, Hua N, Abbasi F, Reaven GM. Insulin resistance as a predictor of age-related diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:3574–3578
  7. The STOPP-T2D Prevention Study Group. Presence of diabetes risk factors in a large U.S. eighth-grade cohort. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:212–217
  8. Duncan GE. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose levels among US adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:523–528
  9. Williams DE, Cadwell BL, Cheng YJ, Cowie CC, Gregg EW, Geiss LS, et al. Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and its relationship with cardiovascular disease risk factors in US adolescents, 1999-2000. J Pediatr. 2005;116:1122–1126
  10. National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES Cardiovascular Fitness Procedure Manual. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/cv.pdf.
  11. Keskin M, Kurtoglu S, Kendirci M, Atabek ME, Yazici C. Homeostasis model assessment is more reliable than the fasting glucose/insulin ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index for assessing insulin resistant among obese children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e500–e503
  12. Diaz VA, Mainous AG, Koopman RJ, Geesey ME. Are ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity explained by variation in carbohydrate intake?. Diabetologia. 2005;48:1264–1268
  13. Duncan GE, Li SM, Zhou X. Prevalence and trends of a metabolic syndrome phenotype among US adolescents, 1999-2000. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2438–2443
  14. Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, Tamborlane WV, Banyas B, Allen K, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. New Eng J Med. 2002;346:802–810
  15. Imperatore G, Cheng YJ, Williams DE, Fulton J, Gregg EW. Physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and insulin sensitivity among U.S adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1567–1571
  16. Carnethon MR, Gulati M, Greenland P. Prevalence and cardiovascular disease correlates of low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents and adults. JAMA. 2005;295:2981–2988
  17. Kasa-Vubu JZ, Lee CC, Rosenthal A, Singer K, Halter JB. Cardiovascular fitness and exercise as determinants of insulin resistance in postpubertal adolescent females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:849–854
  18. Winer N, Sowers JR. Epidemiology of diabetes. J Clin Pharm. 2004;44:397–405
  19. Reilly JJ, Jackson DM, Montgomery C, Kelly LA, Slater C, Paton JY. Total energy expenditure and physical activity in young scottish children: mixed longitudinal study. Lancet. 2004;363:211–212
  20. Lowry R, Howell W, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Kann L. Television viewing and its association with overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables among US high school students: differences by race, ethnicity, and gender. J Sch Health. 2002;72:413–421
  21. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393–403
  22. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343–1350
  23. Srinivasan S, Ambler GR, Baur LA, Garnett SP, Tepsa M, Yap F, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of metformin for obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents: improvement in body composition and fasting insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2074–2080
  24. Gungor N, Saad R, Janosky J, Arslanian S. Validation of surrogate estimated of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2004;144:47–55
  25. Conwell LS, Trost SG, Brown WJ, Batch JA. Indexes of insulin resistance and secretion in obese children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:314–319
  26. Lee JM, Okumura MJ, Davis MM, Herman WH, Gurney JG. Prevalence and determinants of insulin resistance among U.S. adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2427–2432

PII: S0022-3476(07)00263-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.03.023

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 151, Issue 3 , Pages 275-279 , September 2007