The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 151, Issue 2 , Pages 167-172 , August 2007

Primary Immunization of Premature Infants with Gestational Age <35 Weeks: Cardiorespiratory Complications and C-Reactive Protein Responses Associated with Administration of Single and Multiple Separate Vaccines Simultaneously

  • Massroor Pourcyrous, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
    • Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Massroor Pourcyrous, MD, Newborn Center, 853 Jefferson Avenue, Room 201, Memphis, TN 38163.
  • ,
  • Sheldon B. Korones, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
  • ,
  • Kristopher L. Arheart, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miami, Florida
  • ,
  • Henrietta S. Bada, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Kentucky, Division of Neonatology, Lexington, Kentucky.

Received 14 April 2006 ,Revised 29 December 2006 ,Accepted 21 February 2007.

References 

  1. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases. In: Red Book. 19th ed.. Evanston, IL: AAP; 1982;p. 200–202
  2. Botham SJ, Isaacs D. Incidence of apnoea and bradycardia in preterm infants following triple antigen immunization. J Paediatr Child Health. 1994;30:533–535
  3. Botham SJ, Isaacs D, Henderson-Smart DJ. Incidence of apnoea and bradycardia in preterm infants following DTwP and Hib immunization: a prospective study. J Paediatr Child Health. 1997;33:418–421
  4. Sanchez PJ, Laptook AR, Fisher L, Sumner J, Risser RC, Perlman JM. Apnea after immunization of preterm infants. J Pediatr. 1997;130:746–751
  5. Slack MH, Schapiro D. Severe apneas following immunization in premature infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal ED. 1999;81:F67–F68
  6. Sen S, Cloete Y, Hassan K, Buss P. Adverse events following vaccination in premature infants. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90:916–920
  7. D’Angio CT, Maniscalco WM, Pichichero ME. Immunologic response of extremely premature infants to tetanus Haemophilus influenzae, and polio immunizations. Pediatrics. 1995;96:18–22
  8. Pourcyrous M, Korones SB, Crouse D, Bada HS. Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and abnormal cardiorespiratory responses to immunization in premature infants. Pediatrics. 1998;101:1–5Available at: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/101/3/e3.
  9. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases. Acellular pertussis vaccine: recommendations for use as the initial series in infants and children. Pediatrics. 1996;99:282–288
  10. Slack MH, Schapira C, Thwaites RJ, Andrews N, Schapira D. Acellular pertussis and meningococcal C vaccines: cardio-respiratory events in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2003;162:436–437
  11. Pfister RE, Aeschbach V, Niksic-Stuber V, Martin BC, Siegrist C. Safety of DTaP-based combined immunization in very low birth weight premature infants: frequent but mostly benign cardiorespiratory events. J Pediatr. 2004;145:58–66
  12. Schulzke S, Heininger U, Lucking-Famira M, Fahnenstich H. Apnoea and bradycardia in preterm infants following immunization with pentavalent or hexavalent vaccines. Eur J Pediatr. 2005;164:432–435
  13. Omenaca F, Garcia-Sicilia J, Garcia-Corbeira P, Boceta R, Romero A, Lopez G, et al. Response of preterm newborns to immunization with a hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B virus-inactivated polio and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: first experiences and solutions to a serious and sensitive issue. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1292–1298
  14. Schloesser RL, Fischer D, Otto W, Rettwitz-Volk W, Herden P, Zielen S. Safety and immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis vaccine in premature infants. Pediatrics. 1999;103:1–4
  15. Goodman B, Sumner J, Zeray F, Sanchez PJ. Apnea after immunization of very low birth weight infants: a second look after use of the acellular pertussis vaccine. [abstract] Pediatr Res. 2001;49:240A;Abstract
  16. Ellison VJ, Davis PG, Doyle LW. Adverse reactions to immunization with newer vaccines in the very preterm infant. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41:441–443
  17. Pourcyrous M, Bada HS, Korones SB, Baselski V, Wong S. Significance of serial C-reactive protein responses in neonatal infection and other disorders. Pediatrics. 1993;92:431–435
  18. National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). User evaluation of precision performance with clinical chemistry devices. NCCLS document EP5-T2. Wayne, PA: NCCLS; 1992;
  19. Shennan AT, Dunn MS, Ohlsson A, Lennox K, Hoskin EM. Abnormal pulmonary outcomes in premature infants: prediction from oxygen requirement in the neonatal period. Pediatrics. 1988;82:527–532
  20. Herzlinger R. Apnea. In:  Oski FA,  DeAngelis CD,  Feigin RD,  McMillan JA,  Warshaw JB editor. Principles and Practice of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1994;p. 381–382
  21. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases. Immunization in special clinical circumstances: preterm and low birth weight infants. In:  Pickering LK editors. The 2006 Red Book. 27th ed.. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 2006;p. 67–69
  22. Saari TN Committee of Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report (Immunization of preterm and low birth weight infants). Pediatrics. 2003;112:193–198
  23. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. NICHD/NHLBI/ORD workshop summary (Bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:1723–1729
  24. Harris KR, Digard NJ, Lee HA. Serum C-reactive protein: a useful and economical marker of immune activation in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1996;61:1593–1600
  25. Korczowski B. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in vaccination-associated adverse reactions. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:283
  26. Balkundi DR, Nycyk JA, Cooke RWI. Immunization and C-reactive protein in infants on neonatal intensive care units. Arch Dis Child. 1994;71:F149
  27. Peltola H, Jaakola M. C-reactive protein in early detection of bacteremic versus viral infections in immunocompotent and compromised children. J Pediatr. 1988;113:641–646
  28. Ulanova M, Tarkowski A, Hahn-Zoric M, Hanson LA. The common vaccine adjuvant aluminum hydroxide up-regulates accessory properties of human monocytes via an interleukin-4-dependent mechanism. Infect Immun. 2001;69:1151–1158
  29. Verschuur M, van der Beek MA, Tak HS, Visser Lg, de Maat MPM. Interindividual variation in response to fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 to yellow fever vaccination. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2004;15:399–404
  30. Kirmani KI, Lofthus G, Pichichero ME, Voloshen T, D’Angio CA. Seven-year follow-up of vaccine response in extremely premature infants. Pediatrics. 2002;109:498–504

PII: S0022-3476(07)00185-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.059

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 151, Issue 2 , Pages 167-172 , August 2007