The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 150, Issue 2 , Pages 125-130 , February 2007

Functional Echocardiography: An Emerging Clinical Tool for the Neonatologist

  • Martin Kluckow, FRACP, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Dr Martin Kluckow, Department of Neonatal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065 Australia.
  • ,
  • Istvan Seri, MD, PhD
  • ,
  • Nick Evans, DM, MRCPCH

Received 21 June 2006 ,Revised 19 August 2006 ,Accepted 12 October 2006.

References 

  1. Osborn DA, Evans N, Kluckow M. Clinical detection of low upper body blood flow in very premature infants using blood pressure, capillary refill time, and central-peripheral temperature difference. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89:F168–F173
  2. Kluckow M, Evans N. Early echocardiographic prediction of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation. J Pediatr. 1995;127:774–779
  3. Kluckow M, Evans N. Relationship between blood pressure and cardiac output in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation. J Pediatr. 1996;129:506–512
  4. Short BL, Van Meurs K, Evans JR. Summary proceedings from the Cardiology Group on Cardiovascular Instability in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2006;117:34–39
  5. Evans N. Which inotrope for which baby?. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006;91:F213–F220
  6. Laughon MM, Simmons MA, Bose CL. Patency of the ductus arteriosus in the premature infant: is it pathologic? (Should it be treated?). Curr Opin Pediatr. 2004;16:146–151
  7. Moss S, Kitchiner DJ, Yoxall CW, Subhedar NV. Evaluation of echocardiography on the neonatal unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003;88:F287–F289
  8. Seri I. Hemodynamics during the first two postnatal days and neurodevelopment in preterm neonates. J Pediatr. 2004;145:573–575
  9. Evans N. Echocardiography on neonatal intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand. J Paediatr Child Health. 2000;36:169–171
  10. Skinner JR. Echocardiography on the neonatal unit: a job for the neonatologist or the cardiologist?. Arch Dis Child. 1998;78:401–402
  11. Whitehall J. Echocardiography by a neonatologist. Arch Dis Child. 1999;80:580–581
  12. Katumba-Lunyenya JL. Neonatal/infant echocardiography by the non-cardiologist: a personal practice, past, present, and future. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002;86:F55–F57
  13. Evans N, Malcolm G. Practical echocardiography for the neonatologist. Part 1. Normal 2D imaging and Doppler: An interactive multimedia CD-ROM. Sydney, Australia: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; 2006;
  14. Evans N, Iyer P. Longitudinal changes in the diameter of the ductus arteriosus in ventilated preterm infants: correlation with respiratory outcomes. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1995;72:F156–F161
  15. Evans N, Kluckow M. Early determinants of right and left ventricular output in ventilated preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1996;74:F88–F94
  16. Kluckow M, Evans N. Superior vena cava flow in preterm infants: a novel marker of systemic blood flow. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000;82:182–187
  17. Osborn D, Evans N, Kluckow M. Randomized trial of dobutamine versus dopamine in preterm infants with low systemic blood flow. J Pediatr. 2002;140:183–191
  18. Noori S, Friedlich P, Wong P, Ebrahimi M, Siassi B, Seri I. Hemodynamic changes following low-dose hydrocortisone administration in vasopressor-treated neonates. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1456–1466
  19. Groves AM, Kuschel CA, Skinner JR. The neonatologist as an echocardiographer. NeoReviews. 2006;7:e391–e399
  20. Kluckow M, Evans N. Low superior vena cava flow and intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000;82:188–194
  21. Hunt RW, Evans N, Rieger I, Kluckow M. Low superior vena cava flow and neurodevelopment at 3 years in very preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2004;145:588–592
  22. Evans N, Iyer P. Assessment of ductus arteriosus shunt in preterm infants supported by mechanical ventilation: effects of interatrial shunting. J Pediatr. 1994;125:778–785
  23. Keller RL, Tacy TA, Fields S, Ofenstein JP, Aranda JV, Clyman RI. Combined treatment with a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (l-NMMA) and indomethacin increases ductus constriction in extremely premature newborns. Pediatr Res. 2005;58:1216–1221
  24. Kluckow M, Evans N. Ductal shunting, high pulmonary blood flow, and pulmonary hemorrhage. J Pediatr. 2000;137:68–72
  25. Evans N, Kluckow M. Early ductal shunting and intraventricular haemorrhage in ventilated preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1996;75:F183–F186
  26. Schmidt B, Davis P, Moddemann D, Ohlsson A, Roberts RS, Saigal S, et al. Long-term effects of indomethacin prophylaxis in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1966–1972
  27. Pladys P, Wodey E, Beuchee A, Branger B, Betremieux P. Left ventricle output and mean arterial blood pressure in preterm infants during the 1st day of life. Eur J Pediatr. 1999;158:817–824
  28. Evans N, Seri I. Cardiovascular compromise in the newborn infant. In:  Taeusch HW,  Ballard RA,  Gleason CA editor. Avery’s Diseases of the Newborn. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders & Co; 2004;p. 398–409
  29. Noori S, Seri I. Pathophysiology of newborn hypotension outside the transitional period. Early Hum Dev. 2005;81:399–404
  30. Osborn DA. Diagnosis and treatment of preterm transitional circulatory compromise. Early Hum Dev. 2005;81:413–422
  31. Evans N, Kluckow M, Currie A. Range of echocardiographic findings in term neonates with high oxygen requirements. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998;78:F105–F111
  32. Skinner JR, Hunter S, Hey EN. Haemodynamic features at presentation in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and outcome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1996;74:F26–F32
  33. Roze JC, Storme L, Zupan V, Morville P, Dinh-Xuan AT, Mercier JC. Echocardiographic investigation of inhaled nitric oxide in newborn babies with severe hypoxaemia. Lancet. 1994;344:303–305
  34. Althouse LA, Stockman JA. Pediatric workforce: a look at pediatric cardiology data from the American Board of Pediatrics. J Pediatr. 2006;148:384–385
  35. Ward CJ, Purdie J. Diagnostic accuracy of paediatric echocardiograms interpreted by individuals other than paediatric cardiologists. J Paediatr Child Health. 2001;37:331–336
  36. Dorfman AL, Levine JC, Colan SD, Geva T. Accuracy of echocardiography in low birth weight infants with congenital heart disease. Pediatrics. 2005;115:102–107
  37. Sholler G. Echocardiography in congenital heart disease: diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and ownership. J Paediatr Child Health. 2001;37:321–322
  38. Levene MI, Fawer CL, Lamont RF. Risk factors in the development of intraventricular haemorrhage in the preterm neonate. Arch Dis Child. 1982;57:410–417
  39. Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine: Certificate in Clinician Performed Ultrasound. Available from:http://www.asum.com.au/open/ccpu-1.htm. Accessed November 2006.

PII: S0022-3476(06)01021-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.10.056

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 150, Issue 2 , Pages 125-130 , February 2007