The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 6 , Pages 770-776 , December 2006

Correlates of violent behavior among adolescents presenting to an urban emergency department

Received 13 April 2006 ,Revised 11 July 2006 ,Accepted 30 August 2006.

References 

  1. National Center for Health Statistics. In: The international classification of diseases. 6th ed. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics & US Health Care Financing Administration; 2000;
  2. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. National summary of injury mortality data, 1987-1994. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1996;
  3. Prothrow-Stith DB. The epidemic of youth violence in America: using public health prevention strategies to prevent violence. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 1995;6:95–101
  4. De Vos E, Stone DA, Goetz MA, Dahlberg LL. Evaluation of a hospital-based youth violence intervention. Am J Prev Med. 1996;12(5 Suppl):101–108
  5. Zun LS, Downey LV, Rosen J. Violence prevention in the ED: linkage of the ED to a social service agency. Am J Emerg Med. 2003;21:454–457
  6. Datner E, Fein J, McGrath M. Violence intervention project: linking healthcare facilities with community-based resources [abstract]. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6:511
  7. Becker MG, Hall JS, Ursic CM, Jain S, Calhoun D. Caught in the crossfire: the effects of a peer-based intervention program for violently injured youth. J Adolesc Health. 2004;34:177–183
  8. Hungerford DW, Pollock DA. Emergency department services for patients with alcohol problems: research directions. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:79–84
  9. McDonald EM, Solomon B, Shields W, Serwint JR, Jacobsen H, Weaver NL, et al. Evaluation of kiosk-based tailoring to promote household safety behaviors in an urban pediatric primary care practice. Patient Educ Couns. 2005;58:168–181
  10. Flewelling R, Paschall M, Ringwalt C. SAGE baseline survey (unpublished). Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 1993;
  11. Paschall M, Flewelling R. Measuring intermediate outcomes of violence prevention programs targeting African-American male youth: an exploratory assessment of the psychometric properties of six psychosocial measures. Health Educ Res. 1997;12:117–128
  12. Straus MA, Hamby SL, Boney , McCoy S, Sugarman DB. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). J Fam Issues. 1996;17:283–316
  13. Zimmerman MA, Bingenheimer JB, Notaro PC. Natural mentors and adolescent resiliency: a study with urban youth. Am J Community Psychol. 2002;30:221–243
  14. Richters J, Saltzman W. Survey of exposure to community violence: self-report version. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health; 1990;
  15. Harris K, Florey F, Tabor J, Bearman P, Jones J, Udry J. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health: research design [www document]. URL: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/design. 2003.
  16. National Center for Health Statistics. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/nhamcsds.htm. Accessed Jun 30, 2005.
  17. Schubiner H, Scott R, Tzelepis A. Exposure to violence among inner-city youth. J Adolesc Health. 1993;14:214–219
  18. Hammond WR, Yung B. African-Americans. In:  Eron LD,  Gentry JH,  Schlegel P,  Association A editor. Reason to hope: a psychosocial perspective on violence and youth. Washington, DC: American Psychologial Association; 1994;p. 492
  19. Borowsky IW, Ireland M. Predictors of future fight-related injury among adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;113(3 Pt 1):530–536
  20. Cheng TL, Schwarz D, Brenner RA, et al. Adolescent assault injury: risk and protective factors and locations of contact for intervention. Pediatrics. 2003;112:931–938
  21. Sims DW, Bivins BA, Obeid FN, Horst HM, Sorensen VJ, Fath JJ. Urban trauma: a chronic recurrent disease. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care. 1989;29:940–946
  22. Poole GV, Griswold JA, Thaggard VK, Rhodes RS. Trauma is a recurrent disease [comment]. Surgery. 1993;113:608–611
  23. Morrissey TB, Byrd CR, Deitch EA. The incidence of recurrent penetrating trauma in an urban trauma center. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care. 1991;31:1536–1538
  24. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/default.htm. Accessed Jun 29, 2005.
  25. Pane GA, Farner MC, Salness KA. Health care access problems of medically indigent emergency department walk-in patients [comment]. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:730–733
  26. Grumbach K, Keane D, Bindman A. Primary care and public emergency department overcrowding. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:372–378
  27. Bindman AB, Grumbach K, Keane D, Rauch L, Luce JM. Consequences of queuing for care at a public hospital emergency department. JAMA. 1991;266:1091–1096
  28. Baker DW, Stevens CD, Brook RH. Patients who leave a public hospital emergency department without being seen by a physician (Causes and consequences). JAMA. 1991;266:1085–1090
  29. Office of Applied Studies. The NHSDA Report. Youth Violence and Substance Use: 2001 Update. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services; 2002.
  30. Steinman KJ, Zimmerman MA. Episodic and persistent gun-carrying among urban African-American adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2003;32:356–364
  31. Brook JS, Whiteman MM, Finch S. Childhood aggression, adolescent delinquency, and drug use: a longitudinal study. J Genet Psychol. 1992;153:369–383
  32. Blackson TC, Butler T, Belsky J, Ammerman RT, Shaw DS, Tarter RE. Individual traits and family contexts predict sons’ externalizing behavior and preliminary relative risk ratios for conduct disorder and substance use disorder outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1999;56:115–131
  33. White HR, Xie M, Thompson W, Loeber R, Stouthamer-Loeber M. Psychopathology as a predictor of adolescent drug use trajectories. Psychol Addict Behav. 2001;15:210–218
  34. Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Walker JD, Whitfield C, Perry BD, et al. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood : a convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;256:174–186
  35. Tarter RE, Kirisci L, Vanyukov M, Cornelius J, Pajer K, Shoal GD, et al. Predicting adolescent violence: impact of family history, substance use, psychiatric history, and social adjustment. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1541–1547
  36. Zucker RA, Chermack ST, Curran GM. Alcoholism: a lifespan perspective on etiology and course. In:  Sameroff AJ,  Lewis M,  Miller R editor. Handbook of developmental psychopathology. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum; 2000;p. 569–587
  37. Cadoret RJ, Yates WR, Troughton E, Woodworth G, Stewart MA. Adoption study demonstrating two genetic pathways to drug abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52:42–52
  38. Chermack ST, Giancola PR. The relation between alcohol and aggression: an integrated biopsychosocial conceptualization. Clin Psychol Rev. 1997;17:621–649
  39. Kelley B, Huizinga D, Thornberry T, Loeber R. Epidemiology of serious violence (Juvenile Justice Bulletin). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice; 1997;
  40. Slaby RG, Guerra NG. Cognitive mediators of aggression in adolescent offenders: 1 assessment. Dev Psychol. 1988;24:580–588
  41. Gorman-Smith D, Tolan PH. The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems in inner-city youth. Dev Psychopathol. 1998;10:101–116
  42. Prothrow-Stith D, Spivak H. Murder is no accident: understanding and preventing youth violence in America. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2004;
  43. Wilson-Simmons R, Stueve A, O’Donnell L, Myint-U A, Duran R, Agronick G. Aggressive behaviors in middle school and young adults: reports of lifetime intimate partner violence and perpetration [abstract]. Presented at: 2005 National Injury Prevention and Control Conference, Injury and Violence in America: Meeting Challenges, Sharing Solutions; May 9-22, 2005; Denver, CO. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  44. Darke S. Self-report among injecting drug users: a review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998;51:253–267
  45. Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Self-report issues in alcohol abuse: state of the art and future directions. Behav Assess. 1990;12:91–106

 Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant # R-49-CCR-518605-01).

PII: S0022-3476(06)00838-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.073

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 6 , Pages 770-776 , December 2006