The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 4 , Page 440 , October 2006

The Apgar challenge

  • William Keenan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: William Keenan, MD, Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104.

References 

  1. Apgar V. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1953;32:260–267
  2. Apgar V. The newborn (Apgar) scoring system. Ped Clin North Am. 1960;13:645–650
  3. Sykes GS, Johnson P, Ashworth F, Malloy PM, Gu W, Stirral G. Do Apgar scores indicate asphyxia?. Lancet. 1982;1:494–496
  4. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics. 1981;68:36–44
  5. Catlin EA, Carpenter MW, Brann BS, Mayfield SR, Shaul PW Goldstein M, et al. The Apgar score revisted: influence of gestational age. J Pediatr. 1986;109:865–868
  6. Thorngren-Jerneck K, Herbst A. Low 5-minute Apgar score: a population-based register study of 1 million term births. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:65–70
  7. Casey BM, McIntyre DD, Leveno KJ. The continuing value of the Apgar score for the assessment of newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:467–471
  8. Paneth N, Fox HE. The relationship of Apgar score to neurologic handicap: a survey of clinicians. Obstet Gynecol. 1983;61:547–550
  9. Clark DA, Hakanson DO. The inaccuracy of Apgar scoring. J Perinatol. 1988;8:203–205
  10. Lopriore E, van Burk GF, Walther FJ, de Beaufort AJ. Correct use of the Apgar score for resuscitated and intubated newborn babies: questionnaire study. BMJ. 2004;329:143–144
  11. O’Donnell CPF, Kamlin COF, Davis PG, Carlin JB, Morley CJ. Interobserver variability of the 5-minute Apgar score. J Pediatr. 2006;149:486–489
  12. Is the Apgar score outmoded?. Lancet. 1989;1:591–592

PII: S0022-3476(06)00788-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.023

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 4 , Page 440 , October 2006

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