The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 4 , Pages 441-447 , October 2006

Nosocomial rotavirus infections: A systematic review

Received 9 June 2005 ,Revised 16 March 2006 ,Accepted 25 April 2006.

References 

  1. Anderson EJ, Weber SG. Rotavirus infection in adults. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:91–99
  2. Parashar UD, Hummelman EG, Bresee JS, Miller MA, Glass RI. Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:565–572
  3. Gusmao RH, Mascarenhas JD, Gabbay YB, Lins-Lainson Z, Ramos FL, Monteiro TA, et al. Rotavirus subgroups, G serotypes, and electrophoretypes in cases of nosocomial infantile diarrhoea in Belem, Brazil. J Trop Pediatr. 1999;45:81–86
  4. Gianino P, Mastretta E, Longo P, Laccisaglia A, Sartore M, Russo R, et al. Incidence of nosocomial rotavirus infections, symptomatic and asymptomatic, in breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants. J Hosp Infect. 2002;50:13–17
  5. Fischer TK, Bresee JS, Glass RI. Rotavirus vaccines and the prevention of hospital-acquired diarrhea in children. Vaccine. 2004;22(suppl 1):S49–S54
  6. Harrington M, Butler K, Cafferkey M. Rotavirus infection in hospitalised children: incidence and impact on healthcare resources. Ir J Med Sci. 2003;172:33–36
  7. Rodriguez-Baez N, O’Brien R, Qiu SQ, Bass DM. Astrovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus in hospitalized children: prevalence and association with gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;35:64–68
  8. Berner R, Schumacher RF, Hameister S, Forster J. Occurrence and impact of community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus infections: a hospital-based study over 10 y. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1999;88:48–52
  9. Fruhwirth M, Heininger U, Ehlken B, Petersen G, Laubereau B, Moll-Schuler I, et al. International variation in disease burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children with community- and nosocomially acquired infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:784–791
  10. Mrukowicz JZ, Krobicka B, Duplaga M, Kowalska-Duplaga K, Domanski J, Szajewska H, et al. Epidemiology and impact of rotavirus diarrhoea in Poland. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1999;88:53–60
  11. Fruhwirth M, Brosl S, Ellemunter H, Moll-Schuler I, Rohwedder A, Mutz I. Distribution of rotavirus VP4 genotypes and VP7 serotypes among nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients with gastroenteritis and patients with nosocomially acquired gastroenteritis in Austria. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:1804–1806
  12. Steele AD, Mnisi YN, Williams MM, Bos P, Aspinall S. Electrophoretic typing of nosocomial rotavirus infection in a general paediatric unit showing the continual introduction of community strains. J Med Virol. 1993;40:126–132
  13. Kilgore PE, Unicomb LE, Gentsch JR, Albert MJ, McElroy CA, Glass RI. Neonatal rotavirus infection in Bangladesh: strain characterization and risk factors for nosocomial infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:672–677
  14. Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, Van DP, Santosham M, Rodriguez Z, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:23–33
  15. Ratner AJ, Neu N, Jakob K, Grumet S, Adachi N, la-Latta P, et al. Nosocomial rotavirus in a pediatric hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001;22:299–301
  16. Rogers M, Weinstock DM, Eagan J, Kiehn T, Armstrong D, Sepkowitz KA. Rotavirus outbreak on a pediatric oncology floor: possible association with toys. Am J Infect Control. 2000;28:378–380
  17. Ford-Jones EL, Wang E, Petric M, Corey P, Moineddin R, Fearon M. Rotavirus-associated diarrhea in outpatient settings and child care centers: the Greater Toronto Area/Peel Region PRESI Study Group: Pediatric Rotavirus Epidemiology Study for Immunization. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:586–593
  18. Fischer TK, Molbak K. The costs of an outbreak: an example from a Danish day care setting. Vaccine. 2001;20:637–638
  19. Marshall J, Botes J, Gorrie G, Boardman C, Gregory J, Griffith J, et al. Rotavirus detection and characterisation in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in aged-care facilities. J Clin Virol. 2003;28:331–340
  20. Edmonson LM, Ebbert JO, Evans JM. Report of a rotavirus outbreak in an adult nursing home population. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2000;1:175–179
  21. Bhan MK, Lew JF, Sazawal S, Das BK, Gentsch JR, Glass RI. Protection conferred by neonatal rotavirus infection against subsequent rotavirus diarrhea. J Infect Dis. 1993;168:282–287
  22. Widdowson MA, van Doornum GJ, van der Poel WH, de Boer AS, van de HR, Mahdi U, et al. An outbreak of diarrhea in a neonatal medium care unit caused by a novel strain of rotavirus: investigation using both epidemiologic and microbiological methods. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:665–670
  23. Linhares AC, Mascarenhas JD, Gusmao RH, Gabbay YB, Fialho AM, Leite JP. Neonatal rotavirus infection in Belem, northern Brazil: nosocomial transmission of a P[6] G2 strain. J Med Virol. 2002;67:418–426
  24. Ramachandran M, Vij A, Kumar R, Das BK, Gentsch JR, Bhan MK, et al. Lack of maternal antibodies to P serotypes may predispose neonates to infections with unusual rotavirus strains. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1998;5:527–530
  25. Bishop RF, Barnes GL, Cipriani E, Lund JS. Clinical immunity after neonatal rotavirus infection: a prospective longitudinal study in young children. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:72–76
  26. Haffejee IE. Neonatal rotavirus infections. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13:957–962
  27. Ramachandran M, Das BK, Vij A, Kumar R, Bhambal SS, Kesari N, et al. Unusual diversity of human rotavirus G and P genotypes in India. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:436–439
  28. Akinci A, Tezic T, Gur I, Cetin H, Hatun S. Rotavirus diarrhea in newborn infants. Turk J Pediatr. 1991;33:153–157
  29. Rotbart HA, Levin MJ, Yolken RH, Manchester DK, Jantzen J. An outbreak of rotavirus-associated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr. 1983;103:454–459
  30. Sharma R, Garrison RD, Tepas JJ, Mollitt DL, Pieper P, Hudak ML, et al. Rotavirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis: an insight into a potentially preventable disease?. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39:453–457
  31. Keller KM, Schmidt H, Wirth S, Queisser-Luft A, Schumacher R. Differences in the clinical and radiologic patterns of rotavirus and non-rotavirus necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991;10:734–738
  32. Capitanio MA, Greenberg SB. Pneumatosis intestinalis in two infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Pediatr Radiol. 1991;21:361–362
  33. Riepenhoff-Talty M, Dharakul T, Kowalski E, Michalak S, Ogra PL. Persistent rotavirus infection in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. J Virol. 1987;61:3345–3348
  34. Forrest G. Gastrointestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2004;20:16–21
  35. Fitts SW, Green M, Reyes J, Nour B, Tzakis AG, Kocoshis SA. Clinical features of nosocomial rotavirus infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 1995;9:201–204
  36. Mori I, Matsumoto K, Sugimoto K, Kimura M, Daimon N, Yokochi T, et al. Prolonged shedding of rotavirus in a geriatric inpatient. J Med Virol. 2002;67:613–615
  37. Ward RL, Bernstein DI, Young EC, Sherwood JR, Knowlton DR, Schiff GM. Human rotavirus studies in volunteers: determination of infectious dose and serological response to infection. J Infect Dis. 1986;154:871–880
  38. Ansari SA, Sattar SA, Springthorpe VS, Wells GA, Tostowaryk W. Rotavirus survival on human hands and transfer of infectious virus to animate and nonporous inanimate surfaces. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26:1513–1518
  39. Ansari SA, Springthorpe VS, Sattar SA. Survival and vehicular spread of human rotaviruses: possible relation to seasonality of outbreaks. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13:448–461
  40. Pacini DL, Brady MT, Budde CT, Connell MJ, Hamparian VV, Hughes JH. Nosocomial rotaviral diarrhea: pattern of spread on wards in a children’s hospital. J Med Virol. 1987;23:359–366
  41. Barnes GL, Callaghan SL, Kirkwood CD, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Johnston LJ, Bishop RF. Excretion of serotype G1 rotavirus strains by asymptomatic staff: a possible source of nosocomial infection. J Pediatr. 2003;142:722–725
  42. Ansari SA, Springthorpe VS, Sattar SA, Tostowaryk W, Wells GA. Comparison of cloth, paper, and warm air drying in eliminating viruses and bacteria from washed hands. Am J Infect Control. 1991;19:243–249
  43. Sattar SA, Abebe M, Bueti AJ, Jampani H, Newman J, Hua S. Activity of an alcohol-based hand gel against human adeno-, rhino-, and rotaviruses using the fingerpad method. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21:516–519
  44. Lam BC, Tam J, Ng MH, Yeung CY. Nosocomial gastroenteritis in paediatric patients. J Hosp Infect. 1989;14:351–355
  45. Zerr DM, Allpress AL, Heath J, Bornemann R, Bennett E. Decreasing hospital-associated rotavirus infection: a multidisciplinary hand hygiene campaign in a children’s hospital. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:397–403
  46. Sattar SA, Lloyd-Evans N, Springthorpe VS, Nair RC. Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission. J Hyg (Lond). 1986;96:277–289
  47. Sattar SA, Jacobsen H, Rahman H, Cusack TM, Rubino JR. Interruption of rotavirus spread through chemical disinfection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994;15:751–756
  48. Dennehy PH, Peter G. Risk factors associated with nosocomial rotavirus infection. Am J Dis Child. 1985;139:935–939
  49. Cone R, Mohan K, Thouless M, Corey L. Nosocomial transmission of rotavirus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1988;7:103–109
  50. Lewis HM, Parry JV, Davies HA, Parry RP, Mott A, Dourmashkin RR, et al. A year’s experience of the rotavirus syndrome and its association with respiratory illness. Arch Dis Child. 1979;54:339–346
  51. Santosham M, Yolken RH, Quiroz E, Dillman L, Oro G, Reeves WC, et al. Detection of rotavirus in respiratory secretions of children with pneumonia. J Pediatr. 1983;103:583–585
  52. Mastretta E, Longo P, Laccisaglia A, Balbo L, Russo R, Mazzaccara A, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus GG and breast-feeding in the prevention of rotavirus nosocomial infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;35:527–531
  53. Berger R, Hadziselimovic F, Just M, Reigel F. Influence of breast milk on nosocomial rotavirus infections in infants. Infection. 1984;12:171–174
  54. Duffy LC, Riepenhoff-Talty M, Byers TE, La Scolea LJ, Zielezny MA, Dryja DM, et al. Modulation of rotavirus enteritis during breast-feeding: implications on alterations in the intestinal bacterial flora. Am J Dis Child. 1986;140:1164–1168
  55. Saavedra JM, Bauman NA, Oung I, Perman JA, Yolken RH. Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus. Lancet. 1994;344:1046–1049
  56. Szajewska H, Kotowska M, Mrukowicz JZ, Armanska M, Mikolajczyk W. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea in infants. J Pediatr. 2001;138:361–365
  57. Ebina T. Prophylaxis of rotavirus gastroenteritis using immunoglobulin. Arch Virol Suppl. 1996;12:217–223
  58. Guarino A, Canani RB, Russo S, Albano F, Canani MB, Ruggeri FM, et al. Oral immunoglobulins for treatment of acute rotaviral gastroenteritis. Pediatrics. 1994;93:12–16
  59. Sarker SA, Casswall TH, Mahalanabis D, Alam NH, Albert MJ, Brussow H, et al. Successful treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in children with immunoglobulin from immunized bovine colostrum. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:1149–1154
  60. Raad II, Sherertz RJ, Russell BA, Reuman PD. Uncontrolled nosocomial rotavirus transmission during a community outbreak. Am J Infect Control. 1990;18:24–28
  61. Cicirello HG, Das BK, Gupta A, Bhan MK, Gentsch JR, Kumar R, et al. High prevalence of rotavirus infection among neonates born at hospitals in Delhi, India: predisposition of newborns for infection with unusual rotavirus. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13:720–724
  62. Grehn M, Kunz J, Sigg P, Slongo R, Zbinden R. Nosocomial rotavirus infections in neonates: means of prevention and control. J Perinat Med. 1990;18:369–374
  63. Nakata S, Adachi N, Ukae S, Kogawa K, Numata K, Urasawa S, et al. Outbreaks of nosocomial rotavirus gastro-enteritis in a paediatric ward. Eur J Pediatr. 1996;155:954–958

PII: S0022-3476(06)00382-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.04.054

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 4 , Pages 441-447 , October 2006