The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 2 , Pages 192-198.e3 , August 2006

Neurocognitive findings in Prader-Willi syndrome and early-onset morbid obesity

Received 20 December 2005 ,Revised 22 March 2006 ,Accepted 13 April 2006.

References 

  1. du Toit G , van der Merwe MT . The epidemic of childhood obesity . S Afr Med J . 2003;93:49–50
  2. Goldstone AP . Prader-Willi syndrome (advances in genetics, pathophysiology and treatment) . Trends Endocrinol Metab . 2004;15:12–20
  3. Glenn CG , Driscoll DJ , Thomas PY , Nicholls RD . Genomic imprinting (potential function and mechanisms revealed by the Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes) . Mol Hum Reprod . 1997;3:321–332
  4. Nicholls RD , Knepper JL . Genome organization, function and imprinting in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes . Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet . 2001;2:153–175
  5. Tounian P , Aggoun Y , Dubern B , Varille V , Guy-Grand B , Sidi D , et al.   Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children (a prospective study) . Lancet . 2001;358:1400–1404
  6. Must A . Does overweight in childhood have an impact on adult health? . Nutr Rev . 2003;61:139–142
  7. Dykens EM , Cassidy SB . Correlates of maladaptive behavior in children and adults with Prader-Willi syndrome . Am J Med Genet . 1995;60:546–549
  8. Holland AJ , Whittington JE , Butler J , Webb T , Boer H , Clarke D . Behavioural phenotypes associated with specific genetic disorders (evidence from a population-based study of people with Prader-Willi syndrome) . Psychol Med . 2003;33:141–153
  9. Dimitropoulos A , Feurer ID , Butler MG , Thompson T . Emergence of compulsive behavior and tantrums in children with Prader-Willi syndrome . Am J Ment Retard . 2001;106:39–51
  10. Whitman BY , Accardo P . Emotional symptoms in Prader-Willi syndrome adolescents . Am J Med Genet . 1987;28:897–905
  11. Farooqi IS , Yeo GS , Keogh JM , Aminian S , Jebb SA , Butler G , et al.   Dominant and recessive inheritance of morbid obesity associated with melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency . J Clin Invest . 2000;106:271–279
  12. Pergolizzi RG , Erster SH , Goonewardena P , Brown WT . Detection of full fragile X mutation . Lancet . 1992;339:271–272
  13. Yu W , Ballif BC , Kashork CD , Heilstedt HA , Howard LA , Cai WW , et al.   Development of a comparitive genomic hybridization microarray and demonstration of its utility with 25 well-characterized 1p36 deletions . Hum Mol Genet . 2003;12:145–152
  14. Sahoo T , Shaw CA , Young AS , Whitehouse NL , Schroer RJ , Stevenson RE , et al.   Array-based comparitive genomic hybridization analysis of recurrent chromosome 15q rearrangements . Am J Med Genet . 2005;139:106–113
  15. Woodcock RW , McGrew KS , Mather N . Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery III . Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing Company; 2001;
  16. Doyle A , Ostrander R , Skare S , Crosby RD , August GJ . Convergent and criterion-related validity of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Parent Rating Scale . J Clin Child Psychol . 1997;26:276–284
  17. Waisbren SE , Azen C . Cognitive and behavioral development in maternal phenylketonuria offspring . Pediatrics . 2003;112:1544–1547
  18. Antshel KM , Waisbren SE . Timing is everything (executive functions in children exposed to elevated levels of phenylalanine) . Neuropsychology . 2003;17:458–468
  19. Manis FR , Cohn LB , McBride-Chang C , Wolff JA , Kaufman FR . A longitudinal study of cognitive functioning in patients with classical galactosaemia, including a cohort treated with oral uridine . J Inherit Metab Dis . 1997;20:549–555
  20. Huttenlocher PR . The neuropathology of phenylketonuria (human and animal studies) . Eur J Pediatr . 2000;159(suppl 2):S102–S106
  21. Strachan MW . Insulin and cognitive function . Lancet . 2003;362:1253
  22. Banks WA , Coon AB , Robinson SM , Moinuddin A , Shultz JM , Nakaoke R , et al.   Triglycerides induce leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier . Diabetes . 2004;53:1253–1260
  23. Dicou E , Attoub S , Gressens P . Neuroprotective effects of leptin in vivo and in vitro . Neuroreport . 2001;12:3947–3951
  24. O’Doherty JP . Reward representations and reward-related learning in the human brain (insights from neuroimaging) . Curr Opin Neurobiol . 2004;14:769–776
  25. El-Ad B , Lavie P . Effect of sleep apnea on cognition and mood . Int Rev Psychiatry . 2005;17:277–282
  26. Alchanatis M , Deligiorgis N , Zias N , Amfilochiou A , Gotsis E , Karakatsani A , et al.   Frontal brain lobe impairment in obstructive sleep apnoea (a proton MR spectroscopy study) . Eur Respir J . 2004;24:980–986
  27. Miller J , Silverstein J , Shuster J , Driscoll DJ , Wagner M . Short-term effects of growth hormone on sleep abnormalities in Prader-Willi syndrome . JCEM . 2006;91:413–417
  28. Dik MG . Is obesity associated with cognitive decline among older persons? . Abstract - Epidemiologisch Congress . 2004;
  29. Halkjaer J , Holst C , Sorensen TI . Intelligence test score and educational level in relation to BMI changes and obesity . Obes Res . 2003;11:1238–1245
  30. Halkjaer J , Sorensen TI . Psychosocial and demographic determinants of regional differences in the prevalence of obesity . J Biosoc Sci . 2004;36:141–152
  31. Sorensen TI , Sonne-Holm S , Christensen U , Kreiner S . Reduced intellectual performance in extreme overweight . Hum Biol . 1982;54:765–775
  32. Sorensen TI , Sonne-Holm S . Intelligence test performance in obesity in relation to educational attainment and parental social class . J Biosoc Sci . 1985;17:379–387
  33. Li X . A study of intelligence and personality in children with simple obesity . Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord . 1995;19:355–357
  34. Datar A , Sturm R , Magnabosco JL . Childhood overweight and academic performance (national study of kindergartners and first-graders) . Obes Res . 2004;12:58–68
  35. Carroll JB . Human Cognitive Abilities (A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies) . New York: Cambridge University Press; 1993;

 Support provided by National Institutes of Health grants 1K24 HD01361 (DJD), 2R01HD31491 (DJD) and 1U54 RR019478 (DJD, JLM and ALB); General Clinical Research Center M01 RR00082 from the National Center for Research Resources, University of Florida; Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (JM); American Diabetes Association (AH); National Association for Autism (TS) and the Hayward Foundation (DJD).

PII: S0022-3476(06)00304-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.04.013

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 2 , Pages 192-198.e3 , August 2006