The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 148, Issue 5 , Pages 628-632.e2 , May 2006

Growth, motor, and social development in breast- and formula-fed infants of metformin-treated women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Received 11 September 2005 ,Revised 21 December 2005 ,Accepted 6 January 2006.

References 

  1. Glueck CJ , Wang P , Fontaine R , Tracy T , Sieve-Smith L . Metformin-induced resumption of normal menses in 39 of 43 (91%) previously amenorrheic women with the polycystic ovary syndrome . Metabolism . 1999;48:511–519
  2. Velazquez EM , Mendoza SG , Wang P , Glueck CJ . Metformin therapy is associated with a decrease in plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, lipoprotein(a), and immunoreactive insulin levels in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome . Metabolism . 1997;46:454–457
  3. Velazquez EM , Mendoza S , Hamer T , Sosa F , Glueck CJ . Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy . Metabolism . 1994;43:647–654
  4. Ehrmann DA . Polycystic ovary syndrome . N Engl J Med . 2005;352:1223–1236
  5. Palomba S , Orio F , Falbo A , Manguso F , Russo T , Cascella T , et al.   Prospective parallel randomized double-blind double-dummy controlled clinical trial comparing clomiphene citrate and metformin as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in non-obese anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2005;90:4068–4074
  6. Baillargeon JP , Jakubowicz DJ , Iuomo MJ , Jakubowicz S , Nestler JE . Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity . Obstet Gynecol Surv . 2005;60:178–179
  7. Homburg R . Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. New insights in pathophysiology and treatment . Endocr Dev . 2005;8:137–149
  8. Kumari AS , Haq A , Jayasundaram R , Abdel-Wareth LO , Al Haija SA , Alvares M . Metformin monotherapy in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome . Reprod Biomed Online . 2005;10:100–104
  9. Vanky E , Salvesen KA , Heimstad R , Fougner KJ , Romundstad P , Carlsen SM . Metformin reduces pregnancy complications without affecting androgen levels in pregnant polycystic ovary syndrome women (results of a randomized study) . Hum Reprod . 2004;19:1734–1740
  10. Glueck CJ , Phillips H , Cameron D , Sieve-Smith L , Wang P . Continuing metformin throughout pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome appears to safely reduce first-trimester spontaneous abortion (a pilot study) . Fertil Steril . 2001;75:46–52
  11. Glueck CJ , Goldenberg N , Streicher P , Wang P . The contentious nature of gestational diabetes (diet, insulin, glyburide and metformin) . Expert Opin Pharmacother . 2002;3:1557–1568
  12. Glueck CJ , Wang P , Goldenberg N , Sieve-Smith L . Pregnancy outcomes among women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin . Hum Reprod . 2002;17:2858–2864
  13. Glueck CJ , Wang P , Kobayashi S , Phillips H , Sieve-Smith L . Metformin therapy throughout pregnancy reduces the development of gestational diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome . Fertil Steril . 2002;77:520–525
  14. Glueck CJ , Goldenberg N , Streicher P , Wang P . Metformin and gestational diabetes . Curr Diab Rep . 2003;3:303–312
  15. Glueck CJ , Wang P , Goldenberg N , Sieve L . Pregnancy loss, polycystic ovary syndrome, thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis, enoxaparin, metformin . Clin Appl Thromb Hemost . 2004;10:323–334
  16. Glueck CJ , Bornovali S , Pranikoff J , Goldenberg N , Dharashivkar S , Wang P . Metformin, pre-eclampsia, and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome . Diabet Med . 2004;21:829–836
  17. Jakubowicz DJ , Iuorno MJ , Jakubowicz S , Roberts KA , Nestler JE . Effects of metformin on early pregnancy loss in the polycystic ovary syndrome . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2002;87:524–529
  18. Glueck CJ , Goldenberg N , Pranikoff J , Loftspring M , Sieve L , Wang P . Height, weight, and motor-social development during the first 18 months of life in 126 infants born to 109 mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome who conceived on and continued metformin through pregnancy . Hum Reprod . 2004;19:1323–1330
  19. Glueck CJ , Goldenberg N , Wang P , Loftspring M , Sherman A . Metformin during pregnancy reduces insulin, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, weight, testosterone and development of gestational diabetes (prospective longitudinal assessment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from preconception throughout pregnancy) . Hum Reprod . 2004;19:510–521
  20. Coetzee EJ , Jackson WP . Diabetes newly diagnosed during pregnancy (a 4-year study at Groote Schuur Hospital) . S Afr Med J . 1979;56:467–475
  21. Hague WM DP , Oliver J , Rowan J . Contraindications to use of metformin. Metformin may be useful in gestational diabetes . BMJ . 2003;326:762
  22. Hale TW , Kristensen JH , Hackett LP , Kohan R , Ilett KF . Transfer of metformin into human milk . Diabetologia . 2002;45:1509–1514
  23. Briggs GG , Ambrose PJ , Nageotte MP , Padilla G , Wan S . Excretion of metformin into breast milk and the effect on nursing infants . Obstet Gynecol . 2005;105:1437–1441
  24. Gardiner SJ , Kirkpatrick CM , Begg EJ , Zhang M , Moore MP , Saville DJ . Transfer of metformin into human milk . Clin Pharmacol Ther . 2003;73:71–77
  25. Gardiner SJ , Begg EJ , Kirkpatrick CM , Buckham RB . Metformin therapy and diabetes in pregnancy . Med J Aust . 2004;181:174–175
  26. European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome . Fertil Steril . 2004;81:19–25
  27. American Academy of Pediatrics . In: Your child’s growth (developmental milestones) . American Academy of Pediatrics Pamphlet; 1993;p. 1–3
  28. SAS/STAT . SAS for Windows 9.1.3 . Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 2005;
  29. Glueck CJ , Awadalla SG , Phillips H , Cameron D , Wang P , Fontaine RN . Polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, familial thrombophilia, familial hypofibrinolysis, recurrent loss of in vitro fertilized embryos, and miscarriage . Fertil Steril . 2000;74:394–397
  30. Baillargeon JP , Iuorno MJ , Nestler JE . Insulin sensitizers for polycystic ovary syndrome . Clin Obstet Gynecol . 2003;46:325–340
  31. Derosa G , Franzetti I , Gadaleta G , Ciccarelli L , Fogari R . Metabolic variations with oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with Type 2 diabetes (comparison between glimepiride and metformin) . Diabetes Nutr Metab . 2004;17:143–150
  32. Harborne LR , Sattar N , Norman JE , Fleming R . Metformin and weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (comparison of doses) . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2005;90:4593–4598
  33. Mirrett PL , Bailey DB , Roberts JE , Hatton DD . Developmental screening and detection of developmental delays in infants and toddlers with fragile X syndrome . J Dev Behav Pediatr . 2004;25:21–27
  34. Neiman GS , Savage HE . Development of infants and toddlers with clefts from birth to three years of age . Cleft Palate Craniofac J . 1997;34:218–225
  35. Walker D , Gugenheim S , Downs MP , Northern JL . Early Language Milestone Scale and language screening of young children . Pediatrics . 1989;83:284–288

 Supported by the Jewish Hospital Lipoprotein Research Fund and by the Medical Research Council of the Jewish Hospital.

PII: S0022-3476(06)00013-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.01.011

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 148, Issue 5 , Pages 628-632.e2 , May 2006

Article Tools