The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 148, Issue 1 , Pages 30-37 , January 2006

Protective Effects of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase-ADH1B Allele in Children Exposed to Alcohol During Pregnancy

Received 8 April 2005 ,Revised 25 July 2005 ,Accepted 1 August 2005.

References 

  1. In:  Stratton K,  Howe C,  Battaglia F editor. Institute of Medicine. Fetal alcohol syndrome: diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1996;
  2. Abel EL. An update on incidence of FAS—FAS is not an equal-opportunity birth defect. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1995;17:437–443
  3. Sokol RJ, Ager J, Martier S, Debanne S, Ernhart C, Kuzma J, et al. Significant determinants of susceptibility to alcohol teratogenicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986;477:87–100
  4. Warren KR, Li T-K. Genetic polymorphisms: impact on the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Birth Defects Res A: Clin Mol Teratol 2005;73:195-203.
  5. McCarver DG, Thomasson HR, Martier SS, Sokol RJ, Li T-K. Alcohol dehydrogenase-2∗3 allele protects against alcohol-related birth defects among African Americans. JPET. 1997;283:1095–1101
  6. Viljoen DL, Carr LG, Foroud TM, Brooke L, Ramsey M, Li T-K. Alcohol dehydrogenase-2∗2 allele is associated with decreased prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in the mixed-ancestry population of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001;25:1719–1722
  7. Hurley TD, Edenberg HJ, Li T-K. Pharmacogenomics of alcoholism. In:  Licinio J,  Wong MA editor. Pharmacogenomics: the search for individualized therapies. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH; 2002;p. 417–441
  8. Thomasson HR, Beard JD, Li T-K. ADH2 gene polymorphisms are determinants of alcohol pharmacokinetics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995;19:1494–1499
  9. Neumark YD, Friedlander Y, Durst R, Leitersdorf E, Jaffe D, Ramchandani VA, et al. Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms influence alcohol-elimination rates in a male Jewish population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004;28:10–14
  10. Jacobson SW, Chiodo LM, Sokol RJ, Jacobson JL. Validity of maternal report of prenatal alcohol, cocaine, and smoking in relation to neurobehavioral outcome. Pediatrics. 2002;109:815–825
  11. Selzer ML. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: the quest for a new diagnostic instrument. Am J Psychiatr. 1971;127:89–94
  12. Xu Y, Carr LG, Bosron WF, Li T-K, Edenberg HJ. Genotyping of human alcohol dehydrogenases at the ADH1 and ADH3 loci following DNA sequence amplification. Genomics. 1988;2:209–214
  13. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York: Psychological Corporation; 1969;
  14. Fagan JF, Singer LT. Infant recognition memory as a measure of intelligence. In:  Lipsitt LP editors. Advances in infancy research. vol. 2:Norwood, NJ: Ablex; 1983;
  15. Rose SA, Feldman JF. Prediction of IQ and specific cognitive abilities at 11 years from infancy measures. Dev Psychol. 1995;31:685–696
  16. Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Sokol RJ. Effects of fetal alcohol exposure on infant reaction time. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994;18:1125–1132
  17. Colombo J, Mitchell DW. Individual differences in early visual attention: Fixation time and information processing. In:  Colombo J,  Fagan J editor. Individual differences in infancy: reliability, stability, prediction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1990;p. 193–227
  18. Haith MM, Hazan C, Goodman GS. Expectation and anticipation of dynamic visual events by 3.5-month-old babies. Child Dev. 1988;59:467–479
  19. Dougherty TM, Haith MM. Infant expectations and reaction time as predictors of childhood speed of processing and IQ. Dev Psychol. 1997;33:146–155
  20. Belsky J, Garduque L, Hrncir E. Assessing performance, competence, and executive capacity in infant play: relations to home environment and security of attachment. Dev Psychol. 1984;20:406–417
  21. Talland GA. Deranged memory. New York: Academic Press; 1965;
  22. Burden MJ, Jacobson SW, Sokol RJ, Jacobson JL. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on attention and working memory at 7.5 years of age. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005;29:443–452
  23. Rosvold HE, Mirsky AF, Sarason I, Bransome ED, Beck LH. A continuous performance test of brain damage. J Consult Psychol. 1956;20:343–350
  24. Sternberg S. Memory scanning: mental process revealed by reaction-time experiments. Am Scientist. 1969;57:421–457
  25. Achenbach TM. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry; 1991;
  26. Barkley RA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford; 1990;
  27. Caldwell BM, Bradley RH. Home observation for measure of the environment. Little Rock: University of Arkansas Press; 1979;
  28. Dunn LM, Dunn LM. PPVT Manual for Forms L and M. Circle Pines, Minn: American Guidance Service; 1981;
  29. Holmes TH, Rahe RH. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. J Psychosom Res. 1967;11:213–218
  30. McClelland GH, Judd CM. Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychol Bull. 1993;114:376–390
  31. Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Sokol RJ, Chiodo LM, Corobana R. Maternal age, alcohol abuse history, and quality of parenting as moderators of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on 7.5-year intellectual function. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004;28:1732–1745
  32. Carter RC, Jacobson SW, Molteno CD, Chiodo LM, Viljoen D, Jacobson JL. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on infant visual acuity. J Pediatr. 2005;147(4):473–479
  33. Stoler JM, Ryan LM, Holmes LB. Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genotypes, maternal alcohol use, and infant outcome. J Pediatr. 2002;141:780–785
  34. Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Sokol RJ, Ager JW. Relation of maternal age and pattern of pregnancy drinking to functionally significant cognitive deficit in infancy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998;22:345–351
  35. Chernoff GF. The fetal alcohol syndrome in mice: maternal variables. Teratology. 1980;22:71–75
  36. Bonthius DJ, West JR. Alcohol-induced neuronal loss in developing rats: increased brain damage with binge exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990;14:107–118
  37. Goodlett CR, Marcussen BL, West JR. A single day of alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt induces brain weight restriction and cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. Alcohol. 1990;7:107–114
  38. Goodlett CR, Kelly SJ, West JR. Early postnatal alcohol exposure that produces high blood alcohol levels impairs development of spatial navigation learning. Psychobiol. 1987;15:64–74
  39. Khaole NC, Ramchandani VA, Viljoen DL, Li T-K. A pilot study of alcohol exposure and pharmacokinetics in women with or without children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol. 2004;39:503–508

 Supported by grants RO1-AA06966, R01-AA09524, and P50-AA07606 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, with supplemental support from a Minority Biomedical Research Support grant SO6-RR08167 from the National Institutes of Health, and a grant from the Joseph Young, Sr., Fund from the State of Michigan.

PII: S0022-3476(05)00768-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.08.023

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 148, Issue 1 , Pages 30-37 , January 2006

Article Tools