The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 146, Issue 4 , Pages 537-541 , April 2005

Midline defects in FG syndrome: Does tethered spinal cord contribute to the phenotype?

Received 11 June 2004 ,Revised 15 September 2004 ,Accepted 19 October 2004.

References 

  1. Opitz JM, Kaveggia EG. The FG syndrome: an X-linked recessive syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Z Kinderheilk. 1974;117:1–18
  2. Briault S, Hill R, Shrimpton A, Zhu D, Till M, Ronce N, et al. A gene for FG syndrome maps in the Xq12-q21.31 region. Am J Med Genet. 1997;73:87–90
  3. Briault S, Villard L, Rogner U, Coy J, Odent S, Lucas J, et al. Mapping of X chromosome inversion breakpoints [inv(X)(q11q28)] associated with FG syndrome: a second FG locus [FGS2]?. Am J Med Genet. 2000;95:178–181
  4. Dessay S, Moizard MP, Gilardi JL, Opitz JM, Middleton-Prince H, Pembrey M, et al. FG syndrome: linkage analysis in two families supporting a new gene localization at Xp22.3 (FGS3). Am J Med Genet. 2002;112:6–11
  5. Piluso G, Carella M, D'Avanzo M, Santinelli R, Co EM, D'Avanzo A, et al. Genetic heterogeneity of FG syndrome: a fourth locus (FGS4) maps to Xp11.4-p11.3 in an Italian family. Hum Genet. 2003;112:124–130
  6. Sahin F, Selcuki M, Ecin N, Zenciroglu A, Unlu A, Yilmaz F, et al. Level of conus medullaris in term and preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997;77:67F–69F
  7. Yundt KD, Park TS, Kaufman BA. Normal diameter of filum terminale in children: in vivo measurement. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1997;27:257–259
  8. Saita K, Nakamura K, Takeshita K, Kawaguchi H, Kurokawa T. Tethered cord syndrome: ventral displacement of the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar junction in magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol. 1998;27:254–257
  9. Witkamp TD, Vandertop WP, Beek FJ, Notermans NC, Goosken RH, Van Weas PF. Medullary cone movement in subjects with a normal spinal cord and in patients with a tethered spinal cord. Radiology. 2001;220:208–212
  10. Soonawala N, Overweg-Plandsoen WCG, Brouwer OF. Early clinical signs and symptoms in occult spinal dysraphism: a retrospective case study of 47 patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1999;101:11–14
  11. Yamada S, Iacono RP. Tethered cord syndrome. In:  Dachling P editors. Disorders of the Pediatric Spine. New York: Raven Press, Ltd; 1995;p. 159–173
  12. Balkan E, Kilic N, Avsar I, Boyaci S, Aysoy K, Dogruyol H. Urodynamic findings in the tethered spinal cord: the effect of tethered cord division on lower urinary tract functions. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2001;11:116–119
  13. Cornette L, Verpoorten C, Lagae L, Van Calenbergh F, Plets C, Vereecken R. Tethered cord syndrome in occult spinal dysraphism: timing and outcome of surgical release. Neurology. 1998;50:1761–1765

 Supported by SHARE's Child Disability Center, UCLA Intercampus NIH/NIGMS Medical Genetics Training Program grant GM08243 and NIH/NICHD grant HD22657 from the US Department of Health and Human Services (J.M.G.) and NIH Clinical Research LRP MD000625-01 (J.V.).

PII: S0022-3476(04)01009-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.050

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 146, Issue 4 , Pages 537-541 , April 2005

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