The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 144, Issue 6 , Pages 815-820 , June 2004

Ultrasound abnormalities preceding cerebral palsy in high-risk preterm infants

Received 5 June 2003 ,Revised 10 February 2004 ,Accepted 12 March 2004.

References 

  1. Thorburn RJ, Lipscomb AP, Stewart AL, Reynolds EO, Hope PL, Pape KE. Prediction of death and major handicap in very preterm infants by brain ultrasound. Lancet. 1981;1:119–121
  2. Levene MI, Fawer C-L, Lamont RF. Risk factors in the development of intraventricular haemorrhage in the preterm newborn. Arch Dis Child. 1982;57:410–417
  3. Szymonowicz W, Yu VYH, Wilson FE. Antecedents of periventricular haemorrhage in infants weighing 1250 g or less at birth. Arch Dis Child. 1984;59:13–17
  4. Levene MI, Wigglesworth JS, Dubowitz V. Hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia in the neonate: a real-time ultrasound study. Pediatrics. 1983;71:794–797
  5. Hill A, Melson GL, Clark HB, Volpe JJ. Haemorrhagic leukomalacia: diagnosis by real-time ultrasound and correlation with autopsy findings. Pediatrics. 1982;69:282–284
  6. Maalouf EF, Duggan PJ, Counsell SJ, Rutherford MA, Cowan F, Azzopardi D, et al.  Comparison of findings on cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2001;107:719–727
  7. Childs AM, Cornette L, Ramenghi LA, Tanner SF, Arthur RJ, Martinez D, et al.  Magnetic resonance and cranial ultrasound characteristics of periventricular white matter abnormalities in newborn infants. Clin Radiol. 2001;56:647–655
  8. Inder TE, Anderson NJ, Spencer C, Wells S, Volpe JJ. White matter injury in the premature infant: a comparison between serial cranial sonographic and MR findings at term. Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:805–809
  9. Debillon T, N'Guyen S, Muet A, Quere MP, Moussaly F, Roze JC. Limitations of ultrasonography for diagnosing white matter damage in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Edition. 2003;88:F275–F279
  10. Miller SP, Cozzio CC, Goldstein RB, Ferriero DM, Partridge JC, Vigneron DB, et al.  Comparing the diagnosis of white matter injury in premature newborns with serial MR imaging and transfontanel ultrasonography findings. Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:1661–1669
  11. O'Shea TM, Klinepeter KL, Dillard RG. Prenatal events and the risk of cerebral palsy in very low birth weight infants. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:362–369
  12. Wheater M, Rennie MA. Perinatal infection is an important risk factor for cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000;42:364–367
  13. Nelson KB, Grether JK, Dambrosia JM, Walsh E, Kohler S, Satyanarayana G, et al.  Neonatal cytokines and cerebral palsy in very preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2003;53:600–607
  14. Nwafor-Anene VN, DeCristofaro JD, Baumgart S. Serial head ultrasound studies in preterm infants: how many normal studies does one infant need to exclude significant abnormalities?. J Perinatol. 2003;23:104–110
  15. Hagberg B, Hagberg G, Olow I. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954-1970, (II: analysis of various syndromes). Acta Paediatr Scand. 1975;64:193–200
  16. Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39:214–223
  17. Griffiths R. The abilities of babies: a study in mental measurement. Amersham (UK): Association of Research in Infant and Child Development; 1976;
  18. Papile L, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evaluation of subependymal haemorrhage: a study of children with a birthweight less than 1500 g. J Pediatr. 1978;92:529–534
  19. De Vries LS, Eken P, Dubowitz LMS. The spectrum of leukomalacia using cranial ultrasound. Behav Brain Res. 1992;49:1–6
  20. De Vries LS, Groenendaal F, Eken P, van Haastert IC, Rademaker KJ, Meiners LC. Infarcts in the vascular distribution of the middle cerebral artery in preterm and fullterm infants. Neuropediatrics. 1997;28:88–96
  21. Krageloh-Mann I, Toft P, Junding J, Andresen J, Pryds O, Lou HC. Brain lesions in preterms: origin, consequence and compensation. Acta Paediatr. 1999;897–908
  22. Miall LS, Cornette LG, Tanner SF, Arthur RJ, Levene MI. Posterior fossa abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance brain imaging in a cohort of newborn infants. J Perinatol. 2003;23:396–403
  23. Luna JA, Goldstein RB. Sonographic visualisation of neonatal posterior fossa abnormalities through the posterolateral fontanelle. AJR. 2000;174:561–567
  24. De Vries LS, Regev R, Dubowitz LMS. Late onset cystic leukomalacia. Arch Dis Child. 1986;61:298–299
  25. Andre P, Thebaud B, Delavaucoupet J, Zupan V, Blanc N, d'Allest AM, et al.  Late-onset cystic periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants: a threat until term. Am J Perinatol. 2001;18:79–86
  26. Pierrat V, Duqennoy C, van Haastert IC, Ernst M, Guilley N, de Vries LS. Ultrasound diagnosis and neurodevelopmental outcome of localised and extensive cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Edition. 2001;84:F151–F156
  27. Kuban K, Sanocka U, Leviton A, Allred EN, Pagano M, Dammann O, et al.  White matter disorders of prematurity: association with intraventricular hemorrhage and ventriculomegaly. The Developmental Epidemiology Network. J Pediatr. 1999;134:539–546
  28. Ment LR, Bada HS, Barnes P, Grant PE, Hirtz D, Papile LA, et al.  Practice parameter: neuroimaging of the neonate. Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2002;58:1726–1738
  29. Inder TE, Huppi PS, Warfield S, Kikinis R, Zientara GP, Barnes PD, et al.  Periventricular white matter injury in the premature infant is followed by reduced cerebral cortical gray matter volume at term. Ann Neurol. 1999;46:755–760
  30. Groenendaal F, van der Grond J, van Haastert I, Toet M, Rademaker K, de Vries LS. Early cerebral proton MRS and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with cystic leukomalacia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39:373–379
  31. Peterson BS, Anderson AW, Ehrenkranz R, Staib LH, Tageldin M, Colson E, et al.  Regional brain volumes and their later neurodevelopmental correlates in term and preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2003;111:939–948
  32. De Vries LS, Eken P, Groenendaal F, van Haastert JC, Meiners LC. Correlation between the degree of periventricular leukomalacia diagnosed using cranial ultrasound and MRI later in infancy in children with cerebral palsy. Neuropediatrics. 1993;24:263–268
  33. De Vries LS, Rademaker KJ, Groenendaal F, Eken P, Van Haastert JC, Vandertop WP, et al.  Correlation between neonatal cranial ultrasound, MRI in infancy, and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with a large intraventricular haemorrhage with or without unilateral parenchymal involvement. Neuropediatrics. 1998;29:180–188
  34. De Vries LS, Groenendaal F, Eken P, Rademaker KJ, Meiners LC. Asymmetrical myelination of the posterior limb of the internal capsule: an early predictor of hemiplegia. Neuropediatrics. 1999;30:314–319
  35. Roelants-van Rijn AM, Groenendaal F, Beek E, Eken P, van Haastert IC, de Vries LS. Parenchymal brain injury in the preterm infant: comparison of cranial ultrasound, MRI and neurodevelopmental outcome. Neuropediatrics. 2001;32:80–89

PII: S0022-3476(04)00234-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.03.034

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 144, Issue 6 , Pages 815-820 , June 2004

Article Tools