The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 140, Issue 1 , Pages 33-39 , January 2002

Childhood growth and exposure to dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene and polychlorinated biphenyls

Received 26 December 2000 ,Revised 30 July 2001 ,Accepted 27 September 2001.

References 

  1. Osius N, Karmaus W. Thyroid hormone level in children in the area of a toxic waste incinerator in South Essen. Gesundheitswesen. 1998;60:107–112
  2. Osius N, Karmaus W, Kruse H, Witten J. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and levels of thyroid hormones in children. Environ Health Perspect. 1999;107:843–849
  3. Holdke B, Karmaus W, Kruse H. Body burden of PCB in whole human blood of 7-10-year-old children in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator. Gesundheitswesen. 1998;60:505–512
  4. Guo YL, Lin CJ, Yao WJ, Ryan JJ, Hsu CC. Musculoskeletal changes in children prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and related compounds (Yu-Cheng children). J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994;41:83–93
  5. Mazhitova Z, Jensen S, Ritzen M, Zetterstrom R. Chlorinated contaminants, growth and hyroid function in schoolchildren from the Aral Sea region in Kazakhstan. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87:991–995
  6. Gladen BC, Ragan NB, Rogan WJ. Pubertal growth and development and prenatal and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene. J Pediatr. 2000;136:490–496
  7. Ministerium für Arbeit GuSB-W . Zusammenarbeit mit dem Landesgesundheitsamt Baden-Württemberg und dem Statistischen Landesamt. In: Baden-Württemberg  editors. Pilotprojekt Beobachtungsgesundheitsämter. Teil 1. Stuttgart: Ministerium für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Sozialordnung Baden-Württemberg; 1994;
  8. Institut fuer Wasser-BuLdU . Referenzwerte fuer HCB, beta-HCH, DDT, und PCB in frauenmilch. Bundesgesundheitsbl-Gesundheitsforsch-Gesundheitsschutz. 1999;42:533–539
  9. Kelce WR, Stone CR, Laws SC, Gray LE, Kemppainen JA, Wilson EM. Persistent DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist. [see comments] Nature. 1995;375:581–585
  10. Kelce WR, Wilson EM, Lambright CR, Gray LE, Roberts KP, Stone CR, et al.  Environmental antiandrogens: developmental effects, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications. Vinclozolin and p,p'-DDE alter androgen-dependent gene expression: in vivo confirmation of an androgen receptor-mediated mechanism.. Persistent DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist. J Mol Med. 1997;75:198–207 [see comments]
  11. Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1998;65:143–150
  12. Danzo BJ. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect. 1997;105:294–301
  13. SAS I. SAS/STAT Software. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; 2000;
  14. Geert VG, Molenberghs . Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. In: 1st ed.  Bickel DP editors. Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2000;p. 240–268
  15. Malina RM, Katzmarzyk PT. Validity of the body mass index as an indicator of the risk and presence of overweight in adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:131S–136S
  16. Dietz WH, Bellizzi MC. Introduction: the use of body mass index to assess obesity in children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:123S–125S
  17. Daniels SR, Khoury PR, Morrison JA. The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: differences by race and gender. Pediatrics. 1997;99:804–807
  18. Karmaus W, DeKoning EP, Kruse H, Witten J, Osius N. Early childhood determinants of organochlorine concentrations in school-aged children. Pediatr Res 2001. 2001;50:331–336
  19. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der leitenden medizinalbeamtinnen und-beamten der laeud: standards zur expositionsabschaetzung. Hamburg (Germany): Behoerde fuer Arbeit, Gesundheit, und Soziales; 1995;
  20. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Stawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, et al.  CDC growth charts: United States. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2000;
  21. Hansen LG. Stepping backward to improve assessment of PCB congener toxicities. Environ Health Perspect. 1998;106(1 Suppl):171–189
  22. Du Caju MV, Bleyaert S, Op De Beeck L. Growth inhibition using estrogens in constitutionally tall girls. Acta Clin Belg. 1993;48:11–19
  23. Lee PA, Witchel SF. The influence of estrogen on growth. Curr Opin Pediatr. 1997;9:431–436
  24. Georgiadis E, Mantzoros CS, Evagelopoulou C, Spentzos D. Adult height and menarcheal age of young women in Greece. Ann Hum Biol. 1997;24:55–59
  25. Chang SH, Tzeng SJ, Cheng JY, Chie WC. Height and weight change across menarche of schoolgirls with early menarche. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:880–884
  26. Blanck HM, Marcus M, Tolbert PE, Rubin C, Henderson AK, Hertzberg VS, et al.  Age at menarche and Tanner stage in girls exposed in utero and postnatally to polybrominated biphenyl [in process citation]. Epidemiology. 2000;11:641–647

 Supported by the Ministry of Environment, Energy, Youth, Family and Health, Hesse, Germany.

☆☆ The work of Scott Asakevich was covered by a grant from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, No. H75/ATH582536-06.

 Reprint requests: Wilfried Karmaus, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, 4660 S Hagadorn Rd, Suite 600, East Lansing, MI 48823.

PII: S0022-3476(02)30675-9

doi: 10.1067/mpd.2002.120764

The Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 140, Issue 1 , Pages 33-39 , January 2002