High prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization among infants of atopic parents

Objective

To present methodology to identify atopic parents and determine the prevalence of sensitization to 15 aeroallergens in their infant offspring.

Study design

A birth cohort of infants was identified from birth records; an infant was enrolled if 1 of the parents reported allergy respiratory symptoms and had a positive skin prick test (SPT) to a common aeroallergen. At age 1 year, these infants were tested to the same aeroallergens.

Results

Of the 680 enrolled infants, 28.4% were SPT+ to 1 or more aeroallergens and/or food, and 18.0% were positive to 1 or more aeroallergens. By category of allergens, 9.7% were sensitized to pollens, 7.5% to molds, 4.3% to house dust mite and/or cockroach, and 3.4% to dog and/or cat. Of the infants who were positive to an aeroallergen, 65.7% remained positive at age 2 years.

Conclusions

Infants born to atopic parents with percutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens are at increased risk for aeroallergen sensitization during infancy, which persists to age 2 years. These findings suggest that current clinical practices, which generally avoid skin testing before age 2 years, be reassessed in this population of high-risk children.

Abbreviations: ASQ, Allergy symptom questionnaire, CCAAPS, Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, CI, Confidence interval, ISAAC, International Study of Allergies and Asthma in Childhood, NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, OR, Odds ratio, SPT, Skin prick test